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Appendix No.1 MARMA AND SHAD CHAKRAS According to various texts dealing with Yoga, Prana is the sum total of all the energy that is manifested in this whole universe. Breath is the external manifestation of the Sooksma bhava of this prana. The primary aim of all yogin is to awaken Kundalini, which is similar to the three and half coiled serpent. Chakras are not materially real, nor can they be described for a purely materialistic or physiological stand points. The word Kundalini is derived from the Sanskrit word Kundal which means Coil. This is compared to a serpent because of its coiled nature and also due to its zig zag movements while ascending. This Kundalini is energy in static as well as kinetic form. When static, it is dormant in a coiled form and when it becomes kinetic under the influence of prana, it ascends in a zigzag manner touching all the psychi centre (Shad Chakras) through the nadis. The word nadi comes from the Sanskrit root nad meaning movement. In the raged it is used to denote a streams. 282

MARMA CHAKRA - PLEXUS Adhipati Ant fontanale Sthapathi Cavernous plexus Optic Chiasma Thalamus Sahasrara Thousand petals Ether, Violet Bliss Ajna Two petals Ether, Indigo Consciousness Nila Manya Cervical plexus Cartoid plexus Pulmonary pluxus Vishudha 16 petals Ether, Blue Hridya Amsaphalaka Cardiac plexus Anahata Air, Green Twelve petals Nabhi Bruhati Solar plexus Coeliac plexus Kukundara Hypogastric plexus Lumbar plexus Guda Sacral or Coccygeal plexus A 4. 283 Manipura Fire, Yellow Ten petals Svadhishthana Water, Orange Six petals Muladhara Earth, Red Four petals

The concept of Kundalini is clearly explained by Swami Sivananda as the polarisation of energy into two forms - the static being dormant and Kinetic being the ascending Kundalini with prana acting as the catalyst. The prana sakthi manifested in this sthoola deha is centralised in certain areas of the spinal cord known as chakras. It touches all the 6 Chakras namely 1. Muladhara Chakra 2. Svadhishthana Chakra 3. Manipuraka chakra 4. Anahata chakra 5. Vishudhi Chakra 6. Agna Chakra MULADHARA Chakra (First Chakra) Meaning of Chakra Name Shape of Tatva Predominant Sense Location Foundation. Square Smell Pelvic plexus; region between anus and genitals; the base of the spine; the first three vertebrae. Apana vayu. Nose. Vayu (Air) Sense Organ Work Organ Bija (Seed) Color Bija Petal Sounds Aspects Loka (Plane) Anus. Gold. Vang, Shang, Kshang, Sang. Food and shelter. Bhu Loka (physical plane). 284

Tatva (Element) Earth. Color of Tatva Ruling Planet Yellow. Mars (Solar, Masculine). SVADHISTHANA CHAKRA (Second Chakra) Meaning of Chakra Name Shape of Tatva Predominant Sense Location Vayu (Air) Sense Organ Work Organ Bija (Seed) Color Bija Petal Sounds Aspects Loka (Plane) Tatva (Element) Color of Tatva Ruling Planet Dwelling-place of the self Circle. Taste. Hypogastric plexus, genitals. Apana Vayu. Tongue. Genitals. Gold. Bang, Bhang, Mang, Yang, Rang, Lang. Procreation, family, fantasy. The earth element of Muladhara Chakra dissolves into the water element of Svadhisthana Chakra. Fantasy enters as the person begins inter relating with family and friends. The inspiration to create begins in the second chakra. Bhuvar Loka Naga Loka, the astral plane. Water. Light blue. Mercury, (lunar, feminine). The city of Gems MANIPURA Chakra (Third Chakra Meaning of Chakra Name Shape of Tatva Predominant Sense Location 285 Triangle Sight Solar plexus; epigastric plexus; navel.

VISHUDDHA Chakra (Fifth Chakra) Meaning of Chakra Name Shape of Tatva Predominant Sense Location Vayu (Air) Sense Organ Bija (Seed) Color Bija Petal Sounds Loka (Plane) Tatva (Element) Color of Tatva Ruling planet Pure Crescent. Hearing. Carotid Plexus; throat. Udana Vayu Mouth (Vocalcords) Gold. Ang, Ang, Ing, Ing, Ung, Ung, Ring, Ring, Lring, Lring, Eng, Aing, Ong, Aung, Ang, Ahang. Jana Loka (human plane) Akasha; sound. Smoky purple Jupiter. SAHASRARA Chakra (Seventh Chakra) Meaning of Chakra Name Location Bija (Seed) Color Bija Sound Bija Petal Sounds Loka (Plane) Ruling Planet Shunya (empty, void) Top of the cranium Gold. Visarga The sounds from Ah to Ksha, consonants of the Sanskrit language Satyam Loka, plane of truth and reality Ketu. AJNA Chakra (Sixth Chakra) Meaning of Chakra Name Location Authority, command, unlimited power Medula plexus; pineal plexus; point between the eyebrows. 287

Bija (Seed) Color Bija Petal Sound Loka (Plane) Tatva (Element) Color of Tatva Ruling Planet Gold. Hang, Kshang. Tapas Loka, austerity or penance (tapasia). Maha Tatva Transparent luminescent bluish or camphor white. Saturn (Solar, Male). 288