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[Full title: 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 Discussion on daily routine and duties of a poet and a king (Introduction)]

驰腻测腻惫补谤墨测补 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 elaborately discusses about the matter of Kavi-肠补谤测腻 and 搁腻箩补-肠补谤测腻 (Deliberation and duties of a poet and a king) in the tenth chapter of his K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 In this portion he basically followed the instruction of V膩tsy膩ya峁嘺鈥檚 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 and 碍补耻峁璱濒测补鈥檚 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补. 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 seems the first 腻濒补峁僰腻谤颈办补 who has to introduce the topic of Kavi-肠补谤测腻 and 搁腻箩补-肠补谤测腻 (daily routine and duties of a poet and a king) in the connection of Sanskrit poetics. In this part of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩, we have also seen the reflection and influences of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补鈥檚 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 and 碍补耻峁璱濒测补鈥檚 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补.

By the study of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 poetical works K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩; we can be imagining some of the matter of ancient Indian history, basically in this time when he was lived. In this period, the whole country was under the rule of different royal dynasties and the kavi (poets) and 蝉丑峁沝丑测补 (literary critics) had to depend on their patronage king. Some of the cases kavi (poets) were demonstrated by king to write their 办腻惫测补 (poetry) with highlighting elucidating or eulogizing the valour and virtue of their patronage kings. However, 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 also think that, a kavi (poet) should be always free in his thought, imagination and activities, though kavi (poet) is somehow or other bound all purposes with their patronage king鈥檚. Because, a kavi (poet) who avail all the facilities in this world and get honour in a royal court, thus he may be inclined to write their works for the pleasing to his patronage king. We are also the witness in the Indian tradition of this kinds of literary work, where many of the works are gives the description of patronage kings i.e. Har峁�acarita of B膩峁嘺bhatta.

About the matter of personality of a kavi (poet) given by 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 , which may be derived from the description of 狈腻驳补谤颈办补鈥檚 daily routine and duties which is found in the 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 and the personality of kings which is elucidate in the 碍补耻峁璱濒测补鈥檚 Arta艣膩stra.

There 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 says that, an aspirant poet or students of poetics should be always well-equipped and study the 痴颈诲测腻蝉 (important branches of knowledge) and 鲍辫补-惫颈诲测腻蝉 (subsidiary branches of knowledge) should devote energy for the art of poetic composition.

C.f.

鈥榞峁沨墨tavidyopavidya岣� 办腻惫测补kriy膩yai prayateta| 苍腻尘补诲丑腻迟耻p膩r膩ya峁噀, 补产丑颈诲丑腻苍补办辞艣补岣�,
chandoviciti岣�, 补濒补峁卥腻谤补迟补苍迟谤补峁� ca 办腻惫测补惫颈诲测腻岣�| 办补濒腻stu catu岣メ梗a峁ａ弓irupa惫颈诲测腻岣ゴモ��

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-X, Pp- 49

搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 this type of concepts similar with the instruction of a person in the Vatsayana鈥檚 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补. Where 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 says, a person be well-versed in all types of knowledge, after getting married, he should enter into the family life.^[1] To 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补, 惫颈诲测腻 means, the study of 鈥�苍腻尘补诲丑腻迟耻鈥�. (Grammar), 鈥�补产丑颈诲丑腻苍补办辞艣补鈥� (lexicon), 鈥�chandoviciti鈥� (prosody) and 鈥�补濒补峁卥腻谤补迟补苍迟谤补鈥� (poetics) etc. There he also included the sixty-four branches of fine arts of interest to the kavi (poet). [see notes below] In this matter mentioned in ancient 腻濒补峁僰腻谤颈办补s, while they are describing the different aspects of Vyutpatti. Sixty-four 办补濒腻鈥檚 (arts) are mention 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 in his 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 uses here as the Upa-惫颈诲测腻 (subsidiary branches of knowledge)^[2]. However, 腻肠腻谤测补 痴腻尘补苍补 define 办补濒腻鈥檚 (arts) among the principal 惫颈诲测腻s.

In the 鈥�碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻鈥� commentary of 痴腻尘补苍补鈥檚 K膩vy膩la峁僰膩ras奴峁璻a-惫峁泃迟颈, Pandit 骋辞辫别苍诲谤补迟颈辫辫补产丑耻辫腻濒补 incorporated another set of sixty-four 办补濒腻鈥檚 (art) and one hundred-four Upa-办补濒腻s (subsidiary-arts).

C.f.

鈥槹觳贡裟遽弗 n峁泃yag墨t膩daya艣catu岣メ梗a峁ａ弓i岣�| upa办补濒腻艣catu岣ヅ沘tam |
办补濒腻n膩mud诲别艣补岣� k峁泃o bh膩mahena 鈥� 苍峁泃测补峁� 驳墨迟补峁� tath膩 v膩dyam膩lekhya峁� ma峁噄bh奴mik膩岣ゴモ��

- K膩vy膩la峁僰膩ras奴峁璻a-惫峁泃迟颈 of 痴腻尘补苍补s (碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 commentary): Ch -I/3/7

In addition to these well-acquaintance with poet who is patronized by good men (诲别艣补-vartta), knowledge of geographical regions (vidagdha-惫腻诲补), social incidents, social and economical condition of country, assemblies of scholars, works of ancient writers (pur膩tan kavi nibandha) and popular local beliefs (loka-测腻迟谤腻) are the another subsequence aids to making poetry.

C.f.

鈥榮ujanopaj墨vyakavisannidhi岣�, 诲别艣补v膩rt膩, vidagdhav膩do,
loka测腻迟谤腻, vidvadgo峁ａ弓h ya艣ca 办腻惫测补m膩tara岣� pur膩tanakavinibandh膩艣ca 触鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-X, Pp- 49

Therefore, 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 also says about the eight 鈥槹炷灞共獠筸膩tara鈥� (mother of poesy). This is:

鈥榮v膩sthya峁� 辫谤补迟颈产丑腻'bhy膩so bhaktirvidvatkath膩 bahu艣rutat膩 |
sm峁泃id膩r岣峢 yamanirveda艣ca m膩taro'峁ａ弓au kavitvasya || 鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-X, Pp- 49

Means:

鈥淕ood health, 辫谤补迟颈产丑腻 (poetic genius), 补产丑测腻蝉补 (practice), bhakti (devotion), 惫颈诲惫腻诲 (advice of scholar), commerce with the learned knowledge of various subjects, retentive memory and enthusiasm is the 鈥槹炷灞共獠筸膩tara鈥� (eight mother of poesy).鈥�

It is 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 deep 辫谤补迟颈产丑腻 (poetic genius) insight for the creative poet.

After giving those types of necessities for the kavi (poet), 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 passes on his concentration to the daily routine and duties of a kavi (poet). Here we are notice that, 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 in this description also based on the description of the concepts 狈补驳补谤补办补惫峁泃迟补 and 搁腻箩补v峁泃ta, which have been described in the 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 of 痴腻迟蝉腻测补苍补^[_1_] and 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补 of 碍补耻峁璱濒测补^[_2_] respectively.

There first of all the kavi (poet) must be maintain three types of purity.

C.f.

鈥�api ca 苍颈迟测补峁� 艣耻肠颈岣� 蝉测腻迟触 迟谤颈诲丑腻 ca 艣补耻肠补峁� v膩k艣补耻肠补峁� mana岣ヅ洸钩艹Σ贯箖, 办腻测补艣补耻肠补峁� ca 触鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-X, Pp- 49

This purity of three types:鈥�

1. 惫腻办-艣补耻肠补 or purity of speech,
2. mana-艣补耻肠补 or purity of mind and
3. 办腻测补-艣补耻肠补 or purity of body.

The first two types of purities can be acquired through learning of the various 艢腻蝉迟谤补蝉. The another purity of body can be gain through neatly dressed and good bearing of clipped-nailed hands and feet, betel-red lips, paste-painted and perfumed body, fine dress and adorning head with the garlands of sweet flowers. In one sentences, a pure body and holy character are the magic of the Goddess of learning. In a 办腻惫测补 (poetry) always highlighting to the character and behavior of its creator, 办补惫颈鈥檚 (poets). As like as an artist, who creates things, what who is like. It is really depend on his maximum of likeness. Talking with smile, witty and weighty speech, deep sense of humor and observation, indifference to accuse other鈥檚 works and due appreciation of good works are always is the secret of his achievements.

Here it is notable that, these types of concepts presented by 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 has great relevance in the newly developed branch of Sanskrit literary criticism. It gives us an idea that the 办腻惫测补 (poetry) or the creation of the kavi (poet) is not only influenced by his social circumstance but it also depended on his behavior, character and inner faculty.

Notes regarding the sixty-four arts:

The sixty-four 办补濒腻s (arts) are:

1. 骋墨迟补 (music),
2. 痴腻诲测补 (instrumental music),
3. 狈峁泃测补 (dance),
4. 狈腻峁瓂补 (histrionics),
5. Citra (painting),
6. 膧肠肠肠耻峁噄谤尘腻苍峁嘺 (making of types),
7. 笔耻峁�p补苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (flowergardening),
8. 笔奴尘别迟迟补-谤补肠补苍腻 (artistic flower lying),
9. 顿别丑腻濒补峁僰补谤补峁嘺 (dressing),
10. 骋峁沨腻濒补峁僰补谤补峁嘺 (furnishing of houses),
11. 艢补测测腻苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of beds),
12. 闯补濒补迟补谤补峁単补 (music with water),
13. 闯补濒补惫腻诲测补 (music on water),
14. Vividha 惫别峁�a诲丑腻谤补峁嘺 (wearing different kinds of dresses),
15. 惭腻濒腻苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of flower garland),
16. 碍别艣腻濒补峁僰腻谤补 (hair-dressing),
17. 痴补蝉迟谤补诲丑腻谤补峁嘺 (wearing of dress),
18. Kar峁嚹乥h奴峁�a峁嘺 苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of ear-ornaments),
19. Sugandha 辫耻峁�p补蝉补帽肠补测补苍补 (collection of sweet smelling flowers),
20. 础濒补峁僰峁泃补丑腻谤补 (decorating food articles),
21. 滨苍诲谤补箩腻濒补 (magic),
22. 叠丑补峁単颈办补谤补峁嘺 (beautification),
23. 碍补谤补艣耻肠墨办补谤补峁嘺 (cleaning of the hands),
24. 惭辞诲补办补苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of sweet-meats),
25. 笔腻苍墨测补 苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of drinks),
26. Tellaring,
27. J膩la苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of nest),
28. Riddle,
29. 础办峁�a谤补艣濒辞办补 (competition in recting of poems with rules),
30. 础谤迟丑补惫颈峁Ｄ乨墨办补谤补峁嘺 (clarification of meaning),
31. 骋谤补苍迟丑补辫腻谤腻测补峁嘺 (reading of books),
32. 狈腻峁璦办补诲补谤艣补苍补 (enseting of plays),
33. 厂补尘补蝉测腻辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (part of verse),
34. 狈颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of cost of cane),
35. Carpentry,
36. Logic,
37. V膩stu惫颈诲测腻 (science of building homes),
38. Svar峁嘺ratna pari艣odhana (connoisseurship of gold and dimonds),
39. 顿丑腻迟耻蝉补峁僺办补谤补峁嘺 (purification of metals),
40. Skill in distinguishing the colour of diamonds,
41. 碍丑补苍颈辫补谤墨办峁�a峁嘺 (finding out of mines),
42. 痴峁沰峁Ｄ乱耻谤惫别诲补测辞驳补 (understanding trees and their values),
43. Cockfight,
44. Understanding of languages,
45. Massaging,
46. 碍别艣补辫谤补办峁Ｄ乴补峁嘺,
47. 础办峁�a谤补尘耻峁ａ弓颈办补迟丑补苍补,
48. Vi诲别艣补bh膩峁Ｄ乸膩峁環ana (learning of foregine languages),
49. 顿别艣补产丑腻峁Ｄ�-箩帽腻苍补 (knowledge of language of ones own country),
50. 叠丑腻惫颈办补濒辫补辫谤补惫补肠补苍补 (fortune telling),
51. Yantra苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺 (making of machines),
52. 厂尘补谤补峁嘺艣补办迟颈辫辞峁�a峁嘺 (incressing memory power),
53. 艢谤补惫补峁嘺辫腻峁环补 (studying by hearing),
54. 狈颈尘颈峁�a办补惫补苍补 (instant poetry-making),
55. 碍谤颈测腻惫颈办濒辫补,
56. 碍补辫补峁璦产丑腻惫补 (false poses),
57. Chando箩帽腻苍补 (knowledge of the different matres),
58. Vastragopana,
59. Game of dice,
60. Gambling game,
61. 叠腻濒补濒墨濒腻 (children times entertainment),
62. 痴颈苍补测腻肠腻谤补办谤补尘补 (atiquette),
63. Vait膩likavaidy膩u箩帽腻苍补 (panegyrice) and
64. 碍腻谤测补-驳谤补丑补峁嘺 (comprehension of facts).

Cf. Vettam Mani, Pur膩峁噄c Encyclopaedia, Pp- 367

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补: I/ 4/1

[2]:

碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补: I/3/16