365bet娱乐

Introduction鈥擳he eighth adhyaya of the Kausika is dedicated to the elaboration of the Sava sacrifices that are peculiar to The different Sava Yajnas are based on the Atharvaveda. the Brahmaudana sacrifice. The preparation of the Brahmaudana consists of a Soma sacrifice with the cooking of a porridge for the Brahman's daksina. Both the sacrificer and his wife participate in this performance. This Brahmaudana, in short, is regarded as simplification of Vedic ritual. - The observance of Brahmaudana falls during the northern course of the Sun. i Choosing of the Priest and other Preliminaries 2 When the accessories relating to the Sava yajnas are gathered, preparation for a raised platform ² is undertaken. A priest possessing wisdom and good qualities is chosen. 3 The priest is then offered Madhuparka.4 Having thus chosen the Priest, on the eleventh day, the Yajamana following the Godana Vidhana pares his nails, shaves his hair, beard and body-hair. likewise except her hair on the head. His wife too does Both, bathed and dressed in new garments and well-perfumed undertake Upavasa. 1 "

} I' | 274 The Yajamana as in the Upanayana ceremony holds a staff, ties a girdle thrice around his waist and wears his sacred thread in the upavita manner. The Upavasa lasts for three days. Preliminary Rites and Preparation of Santyudaka After the announcement of the Vrata to Agni, Brahman and to the Preceptor the Yajamana places the eight Vratadaniya faggots over the fire. Then the Karty performs the 鉁� rites abhyatana etc. Afterwards the Yajamana, his wife and the Priest perform havisyabhaksana. 1 Then on the fourteenth day, the Yajamana with the sacred-thread in the Upavita manner prepares the holy water. The raised platform is then sprinkled by him. He spreads the akrtilosta, valmika, the hair of a cow, horse and goat around the raised platform. Preparation of Fire The Yajamana and his wife then start the churning of fire with the help of two Palasa sticks, reciting agnejayasva (Atharvaveda 11.1.1). While the smoke arises, it is addressed with the verse Krnuta dhumam... (Atharvaveda 11.1.2). The incipient fire is addressed with the verse agne ajanistha... (Atharvaveda 11.1,3) and the blazing fire is addressed with Samiddho'gne... 鈫� (Atharvaveda 11.1.4). H

pei 275 Preparing thus the Brahmaudana fire and placing it upon the raised platform reciting the anuvaka, yaddeva devahedanam... 5 1 Purna homa is done. The Brahmaudana fire is to be kept for a year, or for a day and night as desired. Spreading of Ox-hide and the Family Sitting Near the WaterVessel The Yajamana sends his wife to fetch water. The fetching of water takes place on the morning of the amavasya day. The wife is addressed as she brings water with the first pada of the verse ema aguh... (Atharvaveda 11.1.14陋). The wife is then called upon to take the water-vessel with utthistha nari... (Atharvaveda 11.1.14 b), and she takes the same. ' The water vessel is then put down. The ox-hide is spread with its neck turned toward the east and hair tumed upward. The sacrificer is then made to stand upon this hide. His wife and children are called there. Thus all of them sit around the vessel containing water placed on the ox-hide. 1 Upasthana and Udapatra Prarthana While reciting pracim pracim... (Atharvaveda 12.3.7) Upasthana is done tuming towards each direction with the four verses Atharvaveda 12.3.7.10. The patni and Yajamana go around the watervessel turning towards each direction, and worship reciting dhruveyam virat... (Atharvaveda 12.3.11). The water-vessel is then f

i " 276 placed upon the ground after being taken from the ox-hide and all the ceremonies are performed with this water. The waters are then requested to cleanse the couple and the sacrificial utensils. Nirvapa-karanam With the help of two tips of darbha the carmahavi is consecrated. The wife then offers for a Anajanati the three-fold share meant for deva, manusya and manes. Reciting tamstredha bhaga... (Atharvaveda 11 1.5) the three-fold share is set down in the heap of grains. That portion set out for the manes is used for the Vrddhi Sraddha rite after the avabhrtha. Sraddha l That portion set out for the mortals is used for feeding the Brahmins. That meant for gods is offered in the jars reciting yo devanam... (Atharvaveda 11.1.6). Gif. Choosing of Gifts While reciting tan saptamedhan... (Atharvaveda 12.3.16) the stroking and touching of the grains is done by the husband and wife, and their offering is made. Reciting grhnami hastam... (Atharvaveda 12.3.17) the husband grasps the hand of his wife. The priest addresses the sacrificer reciting trayo varah... (Atharvaveda 11.1.10) to choose three gifts. The sacrificer k 1 {

J 1 " 277 chooses the first wish saying, "May I by this rite become firm. The other two boons are chosen by the sacrificer's wife. Preparation of Porridge Reciting the verses etau gravanah..., ayam grava... (Atharvaveda 11.1.9 and 12.3.14) the setting of mortar, pestle and the winnoying basket upon the hide is done. Reciting grhana gravanau... (Atharvaveda 11.1.10) the mortar and pestle are seized While reciting Sakam sajataih... (Atharvaveda 11.1.17) the pouring of rice into the mortar is done. Then the pestle is set upright. The pestle is then beaten down upon the grain. The grain is then winnowed by the sacrificer's wife. The husks are then removed. The couple touch the | husks after they are removed with the verse trayo lokah. xiao i (Atharvaveda 12.3.20). The grains are placed again in the winnowing basket and a second winnowing is done.. 1 1 The pot is anointed and placed over the fire. The fire is then arranged about the pot. Water is brought and poured in the cauldron and a strainer is also put in The 鈫� purifying blades of grass are brought over the pot and water is poured into the pot. The rice-grain's are then cooked. T A seat for the porridge is prepared and the pot is then removed from the fire after rotating it towards the 1 DOADUAB. f 1 eo t

278 right. It is then set upon the sacrificial grass and it is smeared with ghee and addressed. Sava Samskara Rites $ The rice-dish is set down westward from the fire. It is then made into three parts. Both the sacrificer and his wife place the porridge in one dish. The wife, the jointpartner touches her husband. After anvarambhana, the subsequent rites are carried out. The fire is then carried around the porridge. 1 H } A cavity on the top of the porridge for ghee is made and it is trickled with ghee. Pouring in of juices is also done on the porridge. The milch-cow etc. stationed on the 1 1 1 north are addressed. The cow is milked and the porridge is sprinkled with her milk. Gold is placed upon the porridge and a garment also is deposited with the gold. Reciting yadaksesu... (Atharvaveda 12.3.52) the couple are 6 covered by the same garment. After seating the four arseyas and offering them the Madhuparka, the rice-dish is removed. The husks are thrown into the fire. The refuse are wiped far away with the left foot! The refuse of husks are then thrown on the fire. The ajyahuti is given in the fire. This is Sava samskara. J H } } 1 1 1

1 279 The bestowal of Brahmaudana and the concomitant gifts take place thereafter. Some are of the opinion that the fee is a cow accompanied by gold. But Kaurupathi says that the fee is otherwise godak sina only.7 I The Twenty Two Sava Yajnas There are in all twenty two sava yajnas described in the Kausika. All these are to be done following the Svargau- | dana or Brahmaudana Tantra. offerings are detailed below: The twenty two Savas and their 1. Brahmaudana 8 Sava: Reciting the hymn agne jayasva (Atharvaveda 11.1.1) the Brahmaudana is given, to a Brahman. 2. Svargaudana Sava: Reciting the anuvaka puman pumsa.. (Atharvaveda 12.3.1) the Svargaudana is offered standing upon the ox-hide. 3. Catuh-sarava Sava. Reciting asanam... (Atharvaveda 1.31.1) an offering of four dishes is made to the immortal region guardians of the regions and to the overseers of existence. 9 4. Avisava: Reciting yadrajana..! (Atharvaveda 3.29.1) the Avisava is given.

} 1 280 5. Ajaudana Sava: Reciting ajohyagne rajanistha... (Atharvaveda 4.14) the ajaudana as Sava is offered. f 鈥� 6. Pancaudana Sava: Reciting a nayitam (Atharvaveda 9.5.1) an animal offering is done with five rice-dishes. 7. Sataudana Sava: Reciting aghayatam... (Atharvaveda 10.9.1) a cow accompanied by a whole hundred odanas is offered. 8. Brahmasyaudana Sava. Reciting brahmasya... (Atharvaveda 4.31.1) the Brahma syaudana Sava is given. Here pools and channels are made in the rice-mess. They are filled with juices. They are set on the ground with Sura and water and knob-bearing plants. 10 i { 9. Atimrtyu Sava: Reciting yamodanam... (Atharvaveda 4.35.1) a rice-mess as Sava is offered. t 10. Anadvaha Sava: Reciting anadvan... (Atharvaveda 4.11.1) a draft-ox as Sava is offered. 1 i 11. Karka (Kakva) Sava: Reciting the three verses suryasya rasmin... (Atharvaveda 4.38.5-7) a Karki as Sava is given. " ; q t I

281 12. Prsni Sava: Reciting the two verses ayam gauh... (Atharvaveda 6.31.1), a spotted cow as sava is given. 13. Prsniga Sava: Reciting the two stanzas ayam sahasram... (Atharvaveda 7.22.1-2) a spotted cow is given as Sava. 14. Paunah sila Sava: Reciting deva imam... (Atharvaveda 6.30.1) a paunah-sila as Sava is offered. paunah-sila a ! Reciting Punantu ma... (Atharvaveda 6.19) a 15. Pavitra Sava: pavitra as Sava is given. 16. Urvara Sava: Reciting kah prsnim... (Atharvaveda 6.104.1) a cultivated field as Sava is given. p + 17. Rsabha Sava: Reciting sahasra. (Atharvaveda 9.4.1) a Isabha as sava is given. 鈥� 18. Anandvaha Sava; Reciting prajapatisca... (Atharvaveda 9.7.1 an anadvaha as sava is given. 19. Vasa Sava: Reciting namaste jayamanayai... (Atharvaveda 10.10.1) a sprinkled vasa as Sava is offered. 20. Vasa Sava: Reciting dadami... (Atharvaveda 12.4.1) a Vasa as Sava is given to the priest. 1 nie 1 } J J r 1 11

+ 1 282 21. Sala Sava: Reciting upamitam... (Atharvaveda 3.1) a house (a toy-house) is given. 22. Brhaspati Sava: Reciting tasyaudanasya... (Atharvaveda 11.3.1) a Brhaspati Sava is given. Thus end the Sava yajnas. Conclusion The Sava sacrifices, peculiar to the Atharvaveda find their fullest description in this chapter. A note on the twenty two kinds of these sacrifices, based mainly on the Brahmaudana sacrifice, is also made at the end of the eighth chapter. In short this chapter on the Sava sacrifices gives us an idea of the Atharvanic religion. 47

283 REFERENCES 1. Cf. N.J.Shende, The Foundations of the Atharvanic religion, p.7; Religion and Philosophy of the Atharvaveda, p.6. 2. That place which is even, grassy, unburnt, steadfast, sloping towards east or north is to be chosen. Kausika Sutra 60,18. 3. The chosen priest's earlier three generation should have been of excellent conduct and character -q- yuktanrtvino vrnite | Kesava in his introduction to Kausika Sutra's 60 th Kandika. 1 4. Madhuparka generally consisted of three ingredients namely, honey, curds and ghee. However other kinds of Madhuparka are also mentioned in the Sutras.. 5. purnahomavidhanam santikalpe ukta su . 6. Some say that the second garment which they put on becomes a papacaila. They are of the opinion that it should be given to a human being of the lowest character. 7. godaksinam va kaurupathih | Kausika Sutra 63.27. 8. Brahmaudana is defined as brahamana jagatprastre svahakarena deyah odanah | yadava brahamananam bhojaniya-bhagatvena kalpitah odanah | ' 9. By this offering, one is released from the payment otherwise due to Yama's councillors on admission into the other world. 10. This Sava is given for escaping death. 1 1 |嘟� 1