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础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补 and 顿墨辫迟腻驳补尘补 are including in the major Siddh膩nt膩gmas, mostly deal with temple rituals and related subjects.^[1] 膧驳补尘补蝉 like 础箩颈迟腻 and 顿墨辫迟腻 have immensely contributed to the field of expiation. The 础箩颈迟腻 considered that in case of fault in Mantra in a rite, fault in the material, in the case of an alteration of A峁単ur膩rpa峁嘺, fault in V峁涐梗ay膩ga (Worship of the Bull), falling down of the flag or mast, falling down of the icon and trident (艢奴濒补), deficiency of 础峁ａ弓补产补苍诲丑补 (the special cement like substance used for fixing the idol), fire in temple or burning of 尝颈峁単补 and icons, entering of thieves in temple, deficiency of a surrounding deity, deficiency of the sacrificial stone (叠补濒颈辫墨峁环补), if in the case of dog etc. touching the icon or entering the sanctum sanctorum, touch of impure woman (in the period of menstruation) in an icon or sanctum sanctorum, touch and entering of a 厂奴迟颈办腻, in case a Pretaka touches or enters the sanctum, lack of daily worships, evening protection rite (S膩yarak峁�a), illumination rite (狈墨谤腻箩补苍补vidhi), door worship (Dv膩rap奴ja), daily festival or annual festival (Utsava) etc. are causes of impurity affected in temples.^[2]

The expiations suggested by 础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补 are subsequent:

1. 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补丑辞尘补,
2. Triyambakahoma,
3. 艢补办迟颈丑辞尘补,
4. 惭奴谤迟颈丑辞尘补,
5. Sprinkling of water,
6. 厂补辫迟补艣耻诲诲丑颈,
7. Sprinkling of 笔补帽肠补驳补惫测补,
8. Gomayalepana,
9. Feeding of Brahmin,
10. 笔补帽肠补艣耻诲诲丑颈,
11. Reciting the Mantras^[3],
12. Snapana (Bath Ceremony),
13. 艢腻苍迟颈丑辞尘补 (Fire ritual of Pacification),
14. Di艣膩homa (Fire rituals for directions) and
15. 狈墨谤腻箩补苍补.

Here 础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补 proclaims that if the expiations are not performed by one on such conditions, it shall cause the downfall of the village, death of a king, destruction of the cattle, death of children, annihilation of a Yajaman膩, famine for the residents of the village, and destruction of crops.^[4]

Like this, 顿墨辫迟腻驳补尘补 suggests 艢腻苍迟颈丑辞尘补, 艢颈惫补 笔奴箩补, 础蝉迟谤补测腻驳补, 笔耻峁噛腻丑补, Snapana, 惭奴谤迟颈丑辞尘补, feeding of Brahmin, sprinkling of 笔补帽肠补驳补惫测补, V膩stuhoma, Recitation of Vyomamantra, Astramantra, Aghora, 艢腻苍迟颈尘补苍迟谤补, Puru峁�amantra and Ca峁囜笉amantra as for expiation. The concepts of untouchability and caste system are the main causes leading to impurity. 顿墨辫迟补 considers the entering of 厂奴迟补办补, Pretaka, 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 and entering of animals in to the temple premises as offensive.^[5] And also it describes the details of festival related expiatory rites. It is clear that the earlier 艢补颈惫补gamas like 狈颈艣惫腻蝉补, 叠谤补丑尘补测腻尘补濒补 and 惭补迟补峁単补辫补谤补尘别艣惫补谤补 do not discuss temple expiatory rites. This indicates the fact that expiatory rites are not the innermost idea of 艢补颈惫颈蝉尘 in most primitive epoch. Moreover in initial stage the atonement rituals were frequently related to the concept of salvation. The expiatory rituals of 惭补迟补峁単补, 厂腻谤诲丑补迟谤颈艣补迟颈办腻濒辞迟迟补谤补 and 叠谤补丑尘补测腻尘补濒补 are good examples. They suggest expiations for one who has fallen down from the goal of salvation.^[6] The Punarjanma-Karma concepts are obviously seen in 膧驳补尘补蝉 related to expiations. The 膧gamic authorities deeply believe in auspicious and inauspicious Nimittas and these beliefs lead to expiatory rituals. The impact of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉 is noticeably seen in 膧驳补尘补蝉. Raurava, 础箩颈迟腻 and 顿墨辫迟补 are excellent examples. The early 膧驳补尘补蝉 like 狈颈艣惫腻蝉补, 叠谤补丑尘补测腻尘补濒补 and 惭补迟补峁単补辫补谤补尘别艣惫补谤补 do not deal with the Utsava-笔谤腻测补艣肠颈迟迟补. The 膧驳补尘补蝉 like 础箩颈迟腻, 顿墨辫迟腻 etc. describes the Utsava related expiations in detail. It reveals that Utsava and related rites were the later additions in 艢补颈惫补 Tantra.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

The study of Filliozat indicates that the probable region of redaction of 础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补 is in Tamil speaking place and possibility of its composing period is in between 10^th and 12^th century CE. See, Introduction of Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat, 础箩颈迟补尘补丑腻迟补苍迟谤补, critically edited, translated and annotated by N.R. Bhatt et.al., Vol. I-V, IGNCA and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2005, pp. 38-39.

[2]:

础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补, 87.4-101.

[3]:

The 础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补 recommends that the Mantras like Aghora, 厂补谤惫腻迟尘补, 笔颈峁単补濒补, Astra Mantra of a deity, 笔腻惫补尘腻苍补, 惭奴濒补尘补苍迟谤补, Triyambaka, Five Brahma Mantras, Six 础峁単补 Mantras, 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补 Mantra, 艢颈惫补 Mantra, 痴颈诲测腻峁単补 Mantra etc. are used in the expiatory rituals for avoiding the impurity or sin.

[4]:

See 础箩颈迟腻驳补尘补, 87.41-42, 87.51, 64, 71, 79, 90, 92 & 94.

[5]:

顿墨辫迟腻驳补尘补, 102.32-34.

[6]:

Sanderson notes: 鈥淔or if one omits them, or breaks any other of the rules (Samaya) which bind the initiate, one must perform a penance (笔谤腻测补艣肠颈迟迟补); and one is told that if this penance is neglected one鈥檚 liberation guaranteed by the rite of consecration may be postponed by another incarnation even by a period in hell鈥�, See 鈥溑毑咕北咕辈醭� and Tantric Traditions鈥�, pp. 691-692.