Expiatory Rites in Keralite Tantra
by T. S. Syamkumar | 2017 | 59,416 words
This page relates 鈥楨xpiatory Rites In Matangaparameshvara-agama鈥� of the study on Expiatory Rites in Sanskrit literature and ancient Indian religion and society, with special reference to Keralite Tantra. Further references to texts include those found in Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism as well as Dharmashastra literature. This study also investigates temple records and inscriptions of Kerala in order to demonstrate the connection between social life and expiatory rites and its evolution.
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1.4. Expiatory Rites In 惭补迟补峁単补parame艣vara-膩gama
It contains 痴颈诲测腻, 碍谤颈测腻, Yoga, and Cary膩p膩das. The commentary of Bh峁弓ar膩maka峁囜弓ha (惭补迟补峁単补惫峁泃迟颈) attests that it is an earliest Tantric text written before 10th century CE.[1] This ritual manual holds a conversational method, between saint 惭补迟补峁単补 and lord 笔补谤补尘别艣惫补谤补. It gives a detail description about initiation, worship of 艢颈惫补, installation of 尝颈峁単补, iconography, Yoga, vows of Rudra etc. The sixth 笔补峁璦濒补 of 碍谤颈测腻p膩da and tenth 笔补峁璦濒补 of Cary膩p膩da provide the details of expiations. Essentially it discusses two types of expiations: 1) Expiatory rites for inauspicious dreams and 2) Expiations for omissions in the worship.
The sixth chapter of 碍谤颈测腻p膩da describes the details of dreams for a Dik峁ta. By tradition, it is believed that an inauspicious dream leads to the same result. Hence 惭补迟补峁単补parame艣var膩 recommends recitation and fire ritual with Aghoramantra thousand times as expiation for the removal of bad effects.[2] Also it says that the recitation of 艢颈惫补mantra and drinking of Pa帽cagavy膩 shall be an expiation for the omissions in worship.[3]
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
叠丑补峁弓补 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补 was an earliest commentator of Tantric 艢补颈惫颈蝉尘. Sanderson evidently notes that 叠丑补峁弓补 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补 predates Abhinavagupta. According to Sanderson, 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补 was active in Kashmir and neighboring D膩rv膩bhs膩ra during the second half of the tenth century. 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补 wrote several commentaries on 膧驳补尘补蝉, such as 碍颈谤补峁嘺, S膩rdhatri艣atik膩lottara and 惭补迟补峁単补p膩rame艣vara and also he wrote commentaries on the works of Sadyojyoti, such as 惭辞办峁办腻谤颈办腻, 笔补谤补尘辞办峁苍颈谤腻蝉补办腻谤颈办腻, 罢补迟迟惫补迟谤测补苍颈谤峁嘺测补 and 狈补谤别艣惫补谤补辫补谤墨办峁Ｄ�. For details vide Sanderson, A., 鈥淭he 艢补颈惫补 Literature鈥�, pp.15-16. And also See, 鈥淗istory through Textual Criticism in the Study of 艢补颈惫颈蝉尘 the 笔腻帽肠补谤腻迟谤补 and Buddhist Yogin墨tantras鈥�, p. 3. Moreover, the study of Dominic Goodall is more helpful to understand the 叠丑补峁弓补 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补鈥檚 works and his date. Goodall asserted that the author of the 碍颈谤补峁嘺v峁泃ti is 叠丑补峁弓补 搁腻尘补办补峁囜弓丑补 II. Cf. Goodall, 叠丑补峁弓补r膩maka峁囜弓ha鈥� s Commentary on the 碍颈谤补峁嘺tantra, Vol. I, Chapters, 1-6, Critical edition and annotated translation, Institute Francais De Pondichery, Ecole Francaise D Extreme Orient, Pondicherry, 1998, pp. viii-xix.
[2]:
惭补迟补峁単补parame艣var膩gama, 碍谤颈测腻p膩da, 6.1-67.
[3]:
Ibid., Cary膩p膩da, 10.4-9.