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CHAPTER I MUSIC Indian classical music has a very long history from dim antiquity. With the Hindus, music ( Sangita ) has been considered as a means of spiritual realization. 1 The Vayu Purana has included the Gandharva vidya i.e. the science of music, in the list of eighteen vidyas such as the Vedas, their origin, mimamsa, Nyaya, Dharmasastra, Purana, Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, and Arthasastra. 2 According to tradition, god Siva was the originator The Vayu Purana of the science of music and his mystic dance was the symbol of the rhythmic motion of the universe. shows Lord Siva, associated with music and is described in it as being fond of music and dance. Here he is described as " Gitavadyarata ".3 But the Visnudharmottara Purana ascribes the origin of music to Visnu. 4 Since very ancient times, the term " Sang Ita " had been in vogue in the sense of the combination of three allied arts vocal music, instrumental music and dance. The term - " Sangita " was not as in modern times confined to mere vocal Sarangadeva ( 13 th Cen. A.D.) has defined " Sangita music. 5 as " the combination of Gita, Vadya and Nrtya. commentator Kallinath, while explaining this, says that wherever the word " Sangita " occurs, it indicates His Tauryatrika " 1.e. the combination of the three arts mentioned above. Rhythm follows song and rhythm is connected

with instrumental music. In Indian music and dance, the concept of rhythm (tala) is manifested concretely. In the Visnudharmottara Purana, Markandeya told king Vajra that he must learn the art of dancing before he learnt the art of icon-making, and the art of music before he learnt dancing and that, he must master tala before he attempted to 6 learn music. Thus Markandeya has stated the fundamental principle of the Indian Arts and the interrelationship of these arts.