Architectural data in the Puranas
by Sharda Devi | 2005 | 50,074 words
This essay studies ancient Indian architectural science as found in technical treatises and the Puranas, with special reference to the Matsya, Garuda, Agni and Bhavishya Puranas. These texts detail ancient architectural practices, covering temple and domestic designs, dimensional specifications, and construction rules. The study further connects ar...
Notes and References for chapter 4
1. Prabhakar V. Begde, Forts and Palaces of India, New Delhi, 1982, 2. 3. 4. p. 3. E.B. Havell, Indian Architecture through the Ages, New Delhi, 1978, p. 98. Prabhakar V. Begde, op. cit., p. 49. Elsewhere it means a monastery or temple. Early references to prasada as temple include Sanksr., Su., 13, 16, 17, 18; Patanjali 2, 2, 34; Panchatantra, BK. 1, Story 1, 27. ff; for later prasada, temples, see Matsya Purana, chaps. 267, 268. 5. Ibid., V. 15; VI. 39. 6. Mahabharata , LXXII, 244. 7. Jataka, VI, 412; J. VI, 456; IV, 182; VI, 428, 455.
8. 188 Digha Nikaya, II, 181, cf. Vattahaka, basement, in Cullavagga, VI, 3,6. , 9. Ibid. 10. Cullavagga, chaps. VII and I. 11. Arthasastra, book II, chap. IV, p. 54. 12. Matsya Purana, chap. 269; GP, chap. 47; Agni Purana, chap. 42 and 104. 13. Aparajitapriccha chaps. 69, 76, 81, 82, 86, 87, 89, 90. 14. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 15.18. 15. 16. The New Encyclopaedia Britanica, vol. Ist, 15th edn., Chicago 1977, p. 1089. B.N.S. Yadav, Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century, Allahabad. 1973, p. 116: The New Encyclopaedia Britanica, p. 1089. 17. Ibid., p. 1091. 18. B.N.S. Yadav, op. cit., p. 114. 19. Aparajitapriccha , chap. 76. 19-40. 20. The New Encyclopaedia Britanica, p. 1089. 21. E.B. Havell, Indian Architecture through the Ages, New Delhi, 1978, p. 101. 22. 23. 24. 25. Matsya Purana, chap. 217. I; Agni Purana, chap. 222.1. Arthasastra, book I, chap..20, p. 39. Matsya Purana, chap. 253. 47; GP, chap. 46.20. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 15. 1.
26. Aparajitapriccha , chap. 70.16; chap. 76. 1; cf. Mayamata, chap. 29. p. 259. 27. Arthasastra, book II, chap. IV, p. 53. 28. Matsya Purana, chap. 217. 1-2. 29. Agni Purana, chap. 222. 1-2. 30. Matsya Purana, chap. 217. 3-5. 31. Agni Purana, chap. 222. 1-6. 32. Aparajitapriccha , chap. 82.16. 33. Matsya Purana, chap. 254, 15-16; Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53, 4. 34. Ibid., 17-18; Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53, 7. 35. Ibid., 19-20, Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53, 5. 36. Ibid., 21-22, Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53, 6. 37. Matsya Purana, chap. 254. 23-25. 38. Ibid., 254. 26-27; Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53. 10. 39. Matsya Purana, chap. 254. 28-30. 40. Ibid., chap. 254. 34-35. 41. Matsya Purana, chap. 254. 31-33. 42. Ibid., chap. 254. 36-37. 43. Matsya Purana, chap. 217. 15-16. 44. Ibid., 17-18. 45. GP, chap. 46. 14-15. 46. Ibid., chap. 16-17. 47. Agni Purana, chap. 106. 18-19. 48. Agni Purana, chap. 106. 10. 189
49. Ibid., chap. 11-12. 50. Mayamata, chap. 10, p. 45. 51. Agni Purana, chap. 106. 6-9. 52. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 10. 53. Aparajitapriccha , chap. 72. 190 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 15; for detailed study see D.N. Shukla, Vastu Sastra, Vol. I, Lucknow, 1960, pp. 361-5: Also see Lalit Kumar Sukla, A Study of Hindu Art and Architecture, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 1979, pp. 111-133. Manasara, chap. 40. pp. 427-31. V.S. Agarwal, Harsha Charita Ek Sanskritik Adhyayana, Patna, 1964, pp. 207-220. Stella, Kramrisch, The Hindu Temple, vol. I, pp. 46-50; diagram on p. 32. Matsya Purana, chap. 253. 47-48; GP, chap. 46. 20-24. Matsya Purana, chap. 254. GP, chap. 46. Agni Purana, chap. 106; also in Aparajitapriccha , chap. 69. 60. Mayamata, chap. 29, pp. 159-64. 61. Manasara, chap. 19, pp. 222-237. 62. Matsya Purana, chap. 254, p. 297; Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53. p. 455. 63. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 15. 7. 64. Matsya Purana, chap. 254. 1-2. 65. Ibid., chap. 254. 3-4.
66. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 51, 22-3. 67. 191 H.A. Majumdar, Some Medieval Sculptures of North Gujarat, Ahemadabad, 1968, p. 69, fig. 50. 68. ASWI, vol. IX, pl. LVI, figs. 5-6. 69. H.D. Sankalia, Archaeology of Gujarat, Bombay, 1941, pp. 156- 157.