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(a) 础苍别办腻谤迟丑补蝉补尘耻肠肠补测补^[1] of 艢腻艣惫补迟补 probably 6th C. A.D. is a lexicon on homonymns in six sections. The last two sections deal with indeclinables.

(b) 础产丑颈诲丑腻苍补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻^[2] of 叠丑补峁�峁�补 贬补濒腻测耻诲丑补 (10th C. A.D) is a lexicon in five 碍腻峁囜笉补蝉; the last 碍腻峁囜笉补 deals with homonyms and avyayas.

(c) 痴补颈箩补测补苍迟墨^[3] of Y膩davaprak膩艣a (at first preceptor and later pupil of 搁腻尘腻苍耻箩补) 11th Cent.A.D. is a work in two portions of synonyms and homonyms further divided into many sections. The speciality of the work is that the section on homonyms is arranged in alphabetical order of initial letters.

(d) 痴颈艣惫补辫谤补办腻艣补^[4] of 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补 is a lexicon of homonyms arranged after the final consonants; it is further subdivided according to the number of syllables contained in the words, such as kaikakam, kadvayam, katrikam, and so on.

(e) 础苍别办腻谤迟丑补办辞峁�a of 惭补峁卥丑补 is a work arranged in alphabetical order of final consonants and further divided into sections according to number of syllables in a word. 惭补峁卥丑补 is identified with the author of 艢谤墨办补峁囜弓丑补肠补谤颈迟补, who lived in the reign of King 闯补测补蝉颈峁僪补 of Kashmir (12th C. A.D.)

(f) Lexicographers like 础箩补测补辫腻濒补, T膩r膩p膩la, Durga, 顿丑补苍补帽箩补测补, 顿丑补谤补峁噄, Dharma, Muni, Rantideva, Rabhasap膩la, Rudra, and few others are mentioned by authors of 11th Cent.A.D. and later writers. Except the works of 础箩补测补辫腻濒补, 顿丑补苍补帽箩补测补 and 顿丑补谤补峁噄 which are available in manuscripts, all the others are known only by citations.

(g) Again, the 狈颈驳补尘腻产丑颈诲丑腻苍补 or 狈颈驳补尘腻办丑测补 补产丑颈诲丑腻苍补 is also known only by name from quotations of 厂补谤惫腻苍补苍诲补 and R膩yamuku峁璦. Similar is the case with Muni, another lexicographer whose work, probably a lexicon of synonyms in the 艣濒辞办补 metre, is not available.

(h) 贰办腻办峁�a谤补办辞峁�a and 顿惫颈谤奴辫补办辞峁�a are attributed to 笔耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补诲别惫补 11th -13th C. A.D. He is also said to be the author of three lexicons鈥�罢谤颈办腻峁囜笉补艣别峁�a, 贬腻谤腻惫补濒墨 and 痴补谤峁嘺诲别艣补苍腻. He has also written a commentary called 叠丑腻峁Ｄ乿峁泃迟颈 on the 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨 of 笔腻峁噄苍颈. The 罢谤颈办腻峁囜笉补艣别峁�a^[5], a supplement to 础尘补谤补办辞艣腻, as stated by the author in the beginning gives the words left out by Amara蝉颈峁僪补 and words prevalant during his own time. 贬腻谤腻惫补濒墨 is a work in two portions鈥搒ynonyms and homonyms, each further divided into three sections, giving words which are very common. 痴补谤峁嘺诲别艣补苍腻 is in prose dealing with orthographical variations. As indicated by the author in the beginning of the work, it discusses on various authorities, etymological details words which are misspelt such as singha for 蝉颈峁僪补.

(i) 础苍别办腻谤迟丑补办辞艣补 or 狈腻苍腻谤迟丑补蝉补峁単谤补丑补 is a lexicon written by 础箩补测补辫腻濒补 probably in 11th C. A.D.

(j) 狈腻尘补尘腻濒腻 of 顿丑补苍补帽箩补测补 (12th C. A.D), is found in many recensions. The text published in the 顿惫腻诲补艣补办辞艣补蝉补峁単谤补丑补 is taken to be authoritative by scholars. In this connection it is to be noted that there are three different 办辞峁�a蝉 with the same name 狈腻尘补尘腻濒腻, one authored by 碍腻迟测补 as already mentioned, another written in 腻谤测腻 metre and oftquoted by 厂补谤惫腻苍补苍诲补, and yet another by Amara.

(k) T膩r膩p膩la is known only by citations of 厂补谤惫腻苍补苍诲补, Medin墨k膩ra and R膩yamuku峁璦.

(l) Durga, another ancient lexicographer, whose work is not available, is quoted by 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 and Hemacandra in their commentaries on 础尘补谤补办辞艣补. From the quotations of 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 it is inferred that Durga's 碍辞峁�a was similar to 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 containing synonyms and homonyms and also was an authority on verbal roots and etymological derivations.

(m) 础产丑颈诲丑腻苍补肠颈苍迟腻尘补峁噄, 础苍别办腻谤迟丑补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补, 狈颈驳丑补峁囜弓耻艣别峁�a and 顿别艣墨苍腻尘补尘腻濒腻鈥揳ll the four lexicons are authored by the Jain monk Hemacandra also called Karik膩lasarvaj帽a(11th -12th C. A.D) who lived under 闯补测补蝉颈峁僪补 and 碍耻尘腻谤补辫腻濒补.

(n) 碍补濒辫补诲谤耻办辞峁�a of 碍别艣补惫补 is another lexicon worth mentioning (17th C. A.D). Many such 办辞峁�a蝉 are available recapsuling the earlier ones and updating the trends in language and society.

Besides the above mentioned 碍辞峁�as of synonyms and homonyms there are lexicons dealing with special subjects such as 贰办腻办峁�a谤补办辞峁�a of 笔耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补诲别惫补 lithographed in 顿惫腻诲补艣补办辞艣补蝉补峁単谤补丑补^[6], 础惫测补测补办辞峁�a of 惭补丑腻诲别惫补 published in 顿惫腻诲补艣补办辞艣补蝉补峁単谤补丑补; lexicon of plants, drugs and medical virtues such as Dhanvantari nigha峁囜弓u^[7] (500 A.D.); 笔补谤测腻测补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻 of 惭腻诲丑补惫补办补谤补 (8th or 9th C. A.D); 艢颈惫补办辞峁�a of 艢颈惫补诲补迟迟补 (17th C. A.D); astronomical and astrological glossaries such as 骋补峁噄迟补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻 of Haradatta (published in 顿惫腻诲补艣补办辞艣补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补) and 笔腻谤补蝉墨惫颈苍辞诲补 of Vajrabh奴峁�a峁嘺.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 G. Oka, Poona, 1918; Narayan Nathaji Kulkarni, Oriental Book Agency, Poona, 1929.

[2]:

Ed. Th. Aufrecht, London,1861.

[3]:

Ed. G. Oppert, Madras, 1893.

[4]:

The last verse declares that it was composed in 1111. A.D., ed. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Benares, 1911.

[5]:

Ed. with com. Ve峁卥a峁璭艣vara press, Bombay, N.D.

[6]:

础产丑颈诲丑腻苍补蝉补峁単谤补丑补, Vol. I, Bombay, 1889.

[7]:

Ed. with 搁腻箩补苍颈驳丑补峁囜弓耻, ASS, 1896.