Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 11.54 [Offences: their Classification]
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶啶班す啷嵿ぎ啶灌い啷嵿く啶� 啶膏啶班ぞ啶ぞ啶ㄠ 啶膏啶む啶 啶椸啶班啶掂啷嵿啶ㄠぞ啶椸ぎ啶� 啷�
啶す啶距え啷嵿い啶� 啶ぞ啶む啶距え啷嵿く啶距す啷佮 啶膏啶膏ぐ啷嵿啶多啶氞ぞ啶た 啶む啶� 啶膏す 啷� 啷オ 啷�brahmahaty膩 蝉耻谤腻p膩na峁� steya峁� gurva峁単an膩gama岣� |
尘补丑腻nti p膩tak膩ny膩hu岣� sa峁僺arga艣c膩pi tai岣� saha || 54 ||叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 -slaying, wine-drinking, theft, intercourse with the Preceptor鈥檚 wife,鈥攁re called the 鈥榟einous offences,鈥� as also association with these.鈥�(54)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁a):
(a) Intercourse with the Preceptor鈥檚 wife, (b) Theft, and (c) Association with outcasts,鈥攖hese are 鈥�heinous offences鈥� for all castes;鈥斺�榳ine-drinking鈥� is so only for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺.
鈥�Theft鈥欌�攕tands here for the stealing of gold belonging to a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺; as is clear from another Sm峁泃i text, which says that鈥斺�楾he stealing of 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺鈥檚 gold constitutes a heinous offence.鈥� The term 鈥�辫腻迟补办补鈥� (offence) literally signifying 鈥榯hat which degrades,鈥� is applied to all transgressions, major as well as minor, and, in the name 鈥�尘补丑腻-辫腻迟补办补,鈥� the qualifying epithet 鈥�尘补丑腻鈥� is meant to indicate the great seriousness of the offence.
鈥�Association with these鈥欌�攚ith any one of them; details regarding this are going to be described under 180 below.鈥�(54)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
This verse is quoted in 惭补诲补苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补, (p. 786).鈥攊n 础辫补谤腻谤办补, (p. 1044), which adds that 鈥�蝉耻谤腻鈥� stands here for the 鈥�笔补颈峁ａ弓墨鈥� i.e., liquor distilled from grains;鈥攊n 狈峁泂颈峁僪补辫谤补蝉腻诲补, (pr膩ya艣citta, 3b);鈥攁nd in 笔谤腻测补艣肠颈迟迟补惫颈惫别办补, (p. 39 and 140).
Comparative notes by various authors
Gautama (21.1).鈥斺�楾he slayer of a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, he who drinks wine, the violator of the Guru鈥檚 bed, he who has connection with the female relations of his mother and of his father, or with sisters and their female offspring, he who steals gold, an atheist, he who constantly repeats reprehensible acts, he who does not cast off persons guilty of a crime causing loss of caste and he who forsakes blameless relatives,鈥攁ll these become outcasts.鈥�
膧辫补蝉迟补尘产补 (1.21.7-8).鈥斺�楽tealing gold, crimes whereby one becomes accused, homicide, neglect of the Vedas, causing abortion, incestuous connection with relations born of the same womb as the mother or the father, and with the offspring of such persons, drinking wine, and intercourse with persons whose intercourse is forbidden; these are actions that cause loss of caste.鈥�
痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 (1.19-21).鈥斺�楾hey state that there are five Mah膩辫腻迟补办补s: stealing gold, the violation of Guru鈥檚 bed, drinking 厂耻谤腻, slaying a learned 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, and associating with outcasts, either spiritually or matrimonially.鈥�
痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (35.1-2).鈥斺�楰illing a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, drinking wine, stealing 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺鈥檚 gold, and sexual connection with a Guru鈥檚 wives are Mah膩辫腻迟补办补s; also social intercourse with such criminals.鈥�
驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (3.227).鈥斺�樀宄蟪静贯箛a-slayer, wine-drinker, stealer (of gold), violators of Guru鈥檚 bed; these are the 惭补丑腻辫腻迟补办颈苍蝉, as also one who associates with these for one year.鈥�