Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 8.121
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶曕ぞ啶ぞ啶︵ 啶︵ざ啶椸啶｀ 啶啶班啶掂 啶曕啶班啶оぞ啶む 啶む 啶む啶班た啶椸啶｀ 啶ぐ啶 啷�
啶呧啷嵿啶距え啶距う啷� 啶︵啶掂 啶多い啷� 啶啶班啶｀ 啶ぞ啶侧た啶多啶ぞ啶む啶多い啶啶� 啶む 啷� 啷оエ啷� 啷�k膩m膩d da艣agu峁嘺峁� p奴rva峁� krodh膩t tu trigu峁嘺峁� param |
aj帽膩n膩d dve 艣ate p奴r峁噀 b膩li艣y膩t艣atameva tu || 121 ||If through lust, ten times the first; if through anger, three times the next; if through ignorance, full two hundred; and if through childishness, only a hundred.鈥�(121)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁a):
鈥�Lust,鈥欌�� sexual love: when females happen to be parties to the suit, the person who loves one of them, deposes falsely; and such a person should be fined 2,500 笔补峁嘺蝉.
鈥�If through anger, three times the next;鈥欌�攖he 鈥榣owest amercement鈥� having been mentioned before, its 鈥榥ext鈥� is the 鈥榤iddling amercement.鈥� Or, on the basis of ordinary usage, 鈥�para鈥� may stand for the 鈥榟ighest.鈥�
鈥�Through ignorance鈥�;鈥攈e who, through mistake, should say what is contrary to busts, on the spur of the moment,鈥攁nd not during his regular examination,鈥攈is punishment shall consist of 鈥�two hundred.鈥� This is meant to be merely suggestive of some sort of punishment to be inflicted; and hence it is not contrary (to what has been declared regarding the lowest fine to consist of 250).
鈥�Childishness鈥欌�� is childish character. The man who has not acquired steadiness of mind is called 鈥榗hildish.鈥� The punishment here laid down is for one who has just passed his minority; one who is still a minor cannot be a witness at all.鈥�(121)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
This verse is quoted in 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 680);鈥攊n 惭颈迟腻办峁谤腻 (on 2.81), which adds the following notes:鈥斺��础箩帽腻苍补鈥� is imperfect knowledge,鈥攁nd 鈥�产腻濒颈艣测补鈥�, want of experience and knowledge;鈥攊n 笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补 (Vyavah膩ra p. 82);鈥攊n 痴颈惫腻诲补肠颈苍迟腻尘补峁噄 (p. 191), which says鈥斺�業f the witness lies through sexual passion for some woman, he should be fined 2,500 辫补峁嘺蝉,鈥攊f through anger, 2,000 辫补峁嘺蝉,鈥攊f through ignorance, 200 辫补峁嘺蝉鈥�;鈥攁nd in 碍峁泃测补办补濒辫补迟补谤耻 (37b), which says 鈥�trigu峁嘺m param鈥� means 鈥榯hree times the middle 补尘别谤肠别尘别苍迟鈥�, i.e., 1,500 辫补峁嘺蝉,鈥�补箩帽腻苍腻迟鈥�, from a wrong idea formed at the time of the transaction in question,鈥斺��产腻濒颈艣测补鈥� means 鈥榤ajority just attained鈥�, a minor not being admissible as a witness.
Comparative notes by various authors
(verses 8.118-123)
See Comparative notes for Verse 8.118.