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163g. King Trivikramasena and the Mendicant

THEN the brave King Trivikramasena went back once more to the 艣颈峁兣沘辫腻 tree, and taking the 痴别迟腻濒补 from it, carried him off on his shoulder. And when he had set out, the 痴别迟腻濒补 said to him, from his perch on his shoulder:

鈥淟isten, King; to cheer your toil, I will tell you the following tale.

163g (17). The Beautiful 鲍苍尘腻诲颈苍墨^[1]

There was a city of the name^[2] of Kanakapura situated on the bank of the Ganges, in which the bounds of virtue were never transgressed, and which was inaccessible to the demon Kali. In it there was a king rightly named 驰补艣辞诲丑补苍补, who, like a rocky coast, protected the earth against the sea of calamity. When Destiny framed him, she seemed to blend together the moon and the sun, for although he delighted the world, the heat of his valour was scorching, and the circle of his territory never waned. This king was unskilled^[3] in slandering his neighbour, but skilled in the meaning of the 艢腻蝉迟谤补蝉, he showed poverty in crime, not in treasure and military force. His subjects sang of him as one afraid only of sin, covetous only of glory, averse to the wives of others, all compact of valour, generosity and love.

In that capital of that sovereign there was a great merchant, and he had an unmarried daughter, named 鲍苍尘腻诲颈苍墨. Whoever there beheld her was at once driven mad by the wealth of her beauty, which was enough to bewilder even the God of Love himself.

And when she attained womanhood, her politic father, the merchant, went to King 驰补艣辞诲丑补苍补, and said to him:

鈥淜ing, I have a daughter to give in marriage, who is the pearl of the three worlds; I dare not give her away to anyone else, without informing your Majesty. For to your Majesty belong all the jewels on the whole earth, so do me the favour of accepting or rejecting her.鈥�

When the king heard this report from the merchant, he sent off, with due politeness, his own Br膩hmans, to see whether she had auspicious marks or not. The Br膩hmans went and saw that matchless beauty of the three worlds, and were at once troubled and amazed; but when they had recovered their self-control they reflected:

鈥淚f the king gets hold of this maiden the kingdom will be ruined, for his mind will be thrown off its balance by her, and he will not regard his kingdom; so we must not tell the king that she possesses auspicious marks.鈥�

When they had deliberated to this effect,^[4] they went to the king, and said falsely to him:

鈥淪he has inauspicious marks.鈥�

Accordingly the king declined to take that merchant鈥檚 daughter as his wife.

Then, by the king鈥檚 orders, the merchant, the father of the maiden 鲍苍尘腻诲颈苍墨, gave her in marriage to the commander of the king鈥檚 forces, named Baladhara. And she lived happily with her husband in his house, but she thought that she had been dishonoured by the king鈥檚 abandoning her on account of her supposed inauspicious marks.

And as time went on, the lion of spring came to that place, slaying the elephant of winter, that, with flowering jasmine creepers for tusks, had ravaged the thick-clustering lotuses. And it sported in the wood, with luxuriant clusters of flowers for mane, and with mango buds for claws. At that season King 驰补艣辞诲丑补苍补, mounted on an elephant, went out to see the high festival of spring in that city of his. And then a warning drum was beaten, to give notice to all matrons to retire, as it was apprehended that the sight of his beauty might prove their ruin.

When 鲍苍尘腻诲颈苍墨 heard that drum, she showed herself to the king on the roof of her palace, to revenge the insult he had offered her by refusing her. And when the king saw her, looking like a flame shooting up from the fire of love, when fanned by spring and the winds from the Malaya mountain, he was sorely troubled. And gazing on her beauty, that pierced deep into his heart, like a victorious dart of 碍腻尘补, he immediately swooned. His servants managed to bring him round, and when he had entered his palace he found out from them, by questioning them, that this was the very beauty who had been formerly offered to him, and whom he had rejected.

Then the king banished from his realm those who reported that she had inauspicious marks, and thought on her with longing, night after night, saying to himself:

鈥淎h! how dull of soul and shameless is the moon, that he continues to rise, while her spotless face is there, a feast to the eyes of the world!鈥�

Thinking thus in his heart, the king, being slowly wasted by the smouldering fire of love, pined away day by day. But through shame he concealed the cause of his grief, and with difficulty was he induced to tell it to his confidential servants, who were led by external signs to question him.

Then they said:

鈥淲hy fret yourself? Why do you not take her to yourself, as she is at your command?鈥�

But the righteous sovereign would not consent to follow their advice.

Then Baladhara, the commander-in-chief, heard the tidings, and, being truly devoted to him, he came and flung himself at the feet of his sovereign, and made the following petition to him:

鈥淜ing, you should look upon this female slave as your slave girl, not as the wife of another; and I bestow her freely upon you, so deign to accept my wife. Or I will abandon her in the temple here; then, King, there will be no sin in your taking her to yourself, as there might be if she were a matron.鈥�

When the commander-in-chief persistently entreated the king to this effect, the king answered him, with inward wrath:

鈥淗ow could I, being a king, do such an unrighteous deed? If I desert the path of right, who will remain loyal to his duty? And how can you, though devoted to me, urge me to commit a crime, which will bring momentary pleasure,^[5] but cause great misery in the next world? And if you desert your lawful wife I shall not allow your crime to go unpunished, for who in my position could tolerate such an outrage on morality? So death is for me the best course.鈥�

With these words the king vetoed the proposal of the commander-in-chief, for men of noble character lose their lives sooner than abandon the path of virtue. And in the same way the resolute-minded monarch rejected the petition of his citizens, and of the country people, who assembled, and entreated him to the same effect.

Accordingly, the king鈥檚 body was gradually consumed by the fire of the grievous fever of love, and only his name and fame remained.^[6] But the commander-in-chief could not bear the thought that the king鈥檚 death had been brought about in this way, so he entered the fire; for the actions of devoted followers are inexplicable.^[7]

 

163g. King Trivikramasena and the Mendicant

When the 痴别迟腻濒补, sitting on the shoulder of King Trivikramasena, had told this wonderful tale, he again said to him:

鈥淪o tell me, King, which of these two was superior in loyalty, the general or the king; and remember, the previous condition still holds.鈥�

When the 痴别迟腻濒补 said this, the king broke silence, and answered him:

鈥淥f these two the king was superior in loyalty.鈥�

When the 痴别迟腻濒补 heard this, he said to him reproachfully:

鈥淭ell me, King, how can you make out that the general was not his superior? For, though he knew the charm of his wife鈥檚 society by long familiarity, he offered such a fascinating woman to the king out of love for him; and when the king was dead he burnt himself; but the king refused the offer of his wife without knowing anything about her.鈥�

When the 痴别迟腻濒补 said this to the king, the latter laughed, and said:

鈥淎dmitting the truth of this, what is there astonishing in the fact that the commander-in-chief, a man of good family, acted thus for his master鈥檚 sake, out of regard for him? For servants are bound to preserve their masters even by the sacrifice of their lives. But kings are inflated with arrogance, uncontrollable as elephants, and when bent on enjoyment they snap as under the chain of the moral law. For their minds are overweening, and all discernment is washed out of them when the waters of inauguration are poured over them, and is, as it were, swept away by the flood. And the breeze of the waving chowries fans away the atoms of the sense of scripture taught them by old men, as it fans away flies and mosquitoes. And the royal umbrella keeps off from them the rays of truth, as well as the rays of the sun; and their eyes, smitten by the gale of prosperity, do not see the right path. And so even kings that have conquered the world, like 狈补丑耻峁�a and others, have had their minds bewildered by 惭腻谤补, and have been brought into calamity. But this king, though his umbrella was paramount in the earth, was not fascinated by 鲍苍尘腻诲颈苍墨, fickle as the Goddess of Fortune; indeed, sooner than set his foot on the wrong path, he renounced his life altogether; therefore him I consider the more self-controlled of the two.鈥�

When the 痴别迟腻濒补 heard this speech of the king鈥檚, he again rapidly quitted his shoulder by the might of his delusive power, and returned to his own place; and the king followed him swiftly, as before, to recover him: for how can great men leave off in the middle of an enterprise which they have begun, even though it be very difficult?

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

See the Appendix, pp. 241-244.鈥攏.m.p.

[2]:

The Sanskrit College MS. reads 辫谤腻驳 for 苍腻尘补.

[3]:

The Sanskrit College MS. gives 尘腻苍诲测补峁� for 尘补耻谤办丑测补峁�.

[4]:

The Sanskrit College MS. gives 尘补峁卥峁�u for 尘补苍迟谤补峁�.

[5]:

顿耻岣�k丑腻惫补丑别, the reading of Brockhaus鈥� edition, is obviously a misprint for 蝉耻办丑腻惫补丑别,, which I find in the Sanskrit College MS.

[6]:

May we compare this king to Daphnis, who 蟿峤肝� 伪峤愊勧慷 峒勎较呂� 蟺喂魏蟻峤肝� 峒斚佅壪勎� 魏伪峤� 峒愊� 蟿峤澄晃肯� 峒勎较呂� 渭慰峤废佄毕�?

[7]:

Cf. the behaviour of the followers of the Emperor Otho, who threw themselves on his pyre, after he had killed himself in his tent.