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Brahma Sutras (Govinda Bhashya)

by Kusakratha das Brahmacari | 2010 | 343,161 words | ISBN-10: 8175050063

This is the English translation of the Brahma-sutras including the Govinda Bhashya commentary of Baladeva Vidyabhushana—an Indian spiritual teacher (Acharya) of the Gaudiya branch of Vaishnavam from the 18th century. This Govinda Bhasya aims to apply Vedantic principles to address universal human concerns, such as suffering and death, rather than m...

Sūtra 2.2.4

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Sūtra 2.2.4:

व्यतिरेकानवस्थितेश्चानपेक्षत्त्वात�

ⲹپԲٳ󾱳ٱśԲṣaٳٱ

vyatireka � in the absence of anything else; Բٳ󾱳ٱ� � because of the nonexistence; ca � and also; Բṣaٳٱ � because of the independence.

“[As before creation] there existed no other cause but Բ, so there would be no necessity of any other [cause than the Բ herself to produce her changes.]� (4)

Sūtra pagination:
2:
  No Conflict Between ձԳٲ and Other Vedic Scriptures;
2:
  Refutation of Opposing Views (continued);
󾱰첹ṇa 1:
  Pradhāna Cannot be the Cause of the Creation.

Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa’s commentary (Govinda-bhāṣya)

This additional argument is to be adduced against the ṅkⲹ theory: According to the ṅkⲹ philosophy, Բ can produce the whole creation independently. Before the beginning of creation, there existed no other cause than Բ. Nor was there the necessity for the existence of any other cause, for all the changes that Բ undergoes are self-initiated. There is no cause for the actions of Բ except for Բ herself. This argument is to be rejected because the actual ṅkⲹ theory is that it is the presence of ܰṣa or spirit that starts the changes in Բ. Thus even according to ṅkⲹ theory, the Բ is not the sole creator, but just by proximity the presence of ܰṣa initiates the changes in some mysterious way. This contradicts the theory that the pure inert matter or Բ produces this change.

The ṅkⲹs therefore do not consistently say that Բ produces all changes without extraneous help. Their theory of proximity is also open to objection. If the proximity produces the change, then the ܰṣa is always in proximity with ṛt, even in the state of pralaya. The result would be that creation would start spontaneously and pralaya could not be maintained. The ṅkⲹs may say that the karmas of the ī lie dormant during pralaya, so creation cannot start then. But what is preventing the awakening of karma in pralaya? Thus the theory of the ṅkⲹs is self-contradictory.

The same is true of the theories of modern science. For example, materialistic science says that matter can create and organize itself, and there is no need for any outside force. But science also recognizes the influence of time and the laws of material nature; therefore their theory is self-contradictory. They ascribe the complex structure and transformations of matter to evolution driven by chance, but at the same time insist that nature has inviolable laws that are completely deterministic. This is also contradictory; if the laws of nature are perfect, then what is the need for chance? Actually, chance takes the place of the will of God in their theories. So in all the time since the theory of the ṅkⲹs was first presented, nothing has really changed; the materialists� theories are still defective.

The ṅkⲹ philosopher says, “We see that when eaten by a cow, grass, creepers, leaves etc. transform themselves into milk through their inherent nature, without the help of any other cause. Similarly, Բ also transforms herself into the mahat-tattva without the guidance of an intelligent principle.� The author replies to this in the next ūٰ.

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