Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
Author:
Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies
This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)âone of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.
Page 215 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
215 (of 553)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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203
Especially in the Bengal school, the highest
experience of bhakti came through participation in the mode
of devotion experienced by one of the Lord's companions
(parikaras), a participation brought about by identification
with the character as he, or more likely she, appeared and
acted in the mythic narrative. The key practice of advanced
aspirants was rÄgÄnugÄbhakti--"devotion following passionate
attachment, i.e., bhakti that imitated the love for KášášŁáša
"I
that was evidenced by his associates.â�
admirably summarized by Kinsley:
Its essence has been
The devotee seeks to involve himself completely in the
ongoing drama of KášášŁáša by identifying himself with one
or another of its participants. In effect, the devotee
seeks to replace the ordinary world with the imaginative
world of KášášŁáša and his companions. While remaining
physically'in the ordinary world, he seeks to remove
himself from it by constantly remembering the
transcendental world of KášášŁáša and imagining himself to
be a part of that world. With the help of scriptural
descriptions, he tries to conjure up a world that is as
real and immediate to him as the ordinary world in which
he normally lives.10
Comparing the aesthetic approach of the Gauá¸ÄŤyas with the
ascetic orientation of Yoga, Kinsley writes:
The Bengal Vaiᚣášava devotee does not seek to still his
mind but stir it by imagination. In yoga the sadhaka
attains samÄdhi by immobilizing his mind and intellect--
by stopping the imaginative process. In Bengal
Vaiᚣášavism the devotee attains samÄdhi by ceaselessly
imagining himself to be a female companion of KášášŁáša.
11 This spirituality of imaginative participation was
taken very seriously, and worked out in careful detail, by
the Vaiᚣᚣášava theologians. In order to provide a conceptual
