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Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Author: Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies

This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.

Page 215 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Page:

215 (of 553)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


Download the PDF file of the original publication


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203
Especially in the Bengal school, the highest
experience of bhakti came through participation in the mode
of devotion experienced by one of the Lord's companions
(parikaras), a participation brought about by identification
with the character as he, or more likely she, appeared and
acted in the mythic narrative. The key practice of advanced
aspirants was rāgānugābhakti--"devotion following passionate
attachment, i.e., bhakti that imitated the love for Kṛṣṇa
"I
that was evidenced by his associates.�
admirably summarized by Kinsley:
Its essence has been
The devotee seeks to involve himself completely in the
ongoing drama of Kṛṣṇa by identifying himself with one
or another of its participants. In effect, the devotee
seeks to replace the ordinary world with the imaginative
world of Kṛṣṇa and his companions. While remaining
physically'in the ordinary world, he seeks to remove
himself from it by constantly remembering the
transcendental world of Kṛṣṇa and imagining himself to
be a part of that world. With the help of scriptural
descriptions, he tries to conjure up a world that is as
real and immediate to him as the ordinary world in which
he normally lives.10
Comparing the aesthetic approach of the Gauḍīyas with the
ascetic orientation of Yoga, Kinsley writes:
The Bengal Vaiṣṇava devotee does not seek to still his
mind but stir it by imagination. In yoga the sadhaka
attains samādhi by immobilizing his mind and intellect--
by stopping the imaginative process. In Bengal
Vaiṣṇavism the devotee attains samādhi by ceaselessly
imagining himself to be a female companion of Kṛṣṇa.
11 This spirituality of imaginative participation was
taken very seriously, and worked out in careful detail, by
the Vaiṣṣṇava theologians. In order to provide a conceptual

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