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Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Author: Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies

This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.

Page 160 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Page:

160 (of 553)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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148
All of this, of course, is very close to the Sakti-
vāda of the tantrics, with Radha-Kṛṣṇa substituting for
Śiva-Śakti as the ultimate bipolar unity. The Gosvāmins,
however, retreat from the abyss of monism, feeling compelled
by the requirements of their practical faith to retain the
finality of difference and relationship, which they consider
to be necessities of devotional spirituality. They manage
this by their doctrine of "inscrutability" or
çœ�&ąçłÜ´ÇłŮ;
"incomprehensibility.' The svābhāvikatva of the divine
energies, their being an essential part of the Lord's nature
(svabhāva), is tempered by their acintyatva, the final
"incomprehensibility" of their relation with the ultimate.
This allows identity and difference to coexist.
The combination of these two emphases produces some
interesting results. Consider, for example, Kṛṣṇa's
celestial paradise, which is the goal of all true devotees.
It and all its charming features, inhabitants, and so on,
including especially Kṛṣṇa's boyish form, are taken to be
non-phenomenal, absolute realities, greater even than
brahman. This, though absurd from the point of view of
traditional Upanisadic Vedanta, is made possible by the
incomprehensible power of bhagavat, which is inscrutably
capable of all that appears impossible to the human mind.
The Lord's heaven and its inhabitants are forms of his
svarūpaśakti, which is non-phenomenal, identical in a sense
with its possessor, and hence absolute. 110

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