Samcara, 厂补帽肠腻谤补, 厂补帽肠补谤补, 厂补峁僣腻谤补, 厂补峁僣补谤补, Sancara, Samc腻ra: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Samcara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Samchara.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�, 鈥渕ovement鈥�) refers to the 鈥渕ovements鈥� of notes (svara) and relates to the strong 补峁兣沘 notes, according to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 28. It can also be spelled as 厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ).
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ) refers to the 鈥渃irculating (the breath)鈥� (through the channels of the body), according to the Amaraughaprabodha: a short 13th century treatise on Yoga attributed to Gorak峁n腻tha which teaches the fourfold system of yoga (Mantra, Laya, Ha峁環a and R腻ja).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淪ome drink urine, their own impurity. Some eat their saliva as food. Some draw up [their] semen that falls from a woman鈥檚 vagina after having penetrated [her]. And some who are skilled in circulating (蝉补帽肠腻谤补) the breath through the channels of the entire body, consume 诲丑腻迟耻蝉. They do not have mastery of the body without [the state of] R腻jayoga, in which their minds are absent. When the mind has attained equanimity and the breath moves into the central channel, [then] these Amarol墨, Vajrol墨 and Sahajol墨 [Mudras] arise鈥�.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 腻sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): (Shaivism)厂补帽肠补谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶�) refers to 鈥渕oving on鈥� (from womb to womb), according to 艢ivas奴tra 3.1 (Cf. K峁mar腻ja鈥檚 艢ivas奴travimar艣in墨).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he citta is the [contracted] self (腻tm腻 cittam)鈥濃�擺K峁mar腻ja鈥檚 explanation]鈥斺�淭his citta, which is permanent because it is not coloured by the impressions left by sense-objects and which takes the form of the buddhi, 补丑补峁卥腻谤补 and manas with their functions of judgement, [ appropriation,] and [attention], is [called] the 膧tm腻 [here], that is, the atomic individual, [from the verb 鈭�at 鈥榯o wander鈥� in the meaning 鈥榯he wanderer鈥�,] because it moves on (蝉补帽肠补谤补) from womb to womb by taking on the operations of Sattva, [Rajas and Tamas] as a result of its being unaware of its true nature as [unlimited] consciousness鈥�.
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ) refers to 鈥渕oving (towards the quarry)鈥� (during hunting), according to the 艢测补颈苍颈办补-艣腻蝉迟谤补: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by R腻箩腻 Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.鈥擜ccordingly, [while discussing the outlines of hawking]: 鈥淸...] At the time of the search, the circle should move slowly along (蝉补帽肠腻谤补), and after the fall of the bird still slower. Those who proceed in front of the horsemen, with canes ine their hands, should throw, by 惭耻峁ａ弓颈尘辞办补, 顿丑奴迟颈蝉 and 峁琽苍腻蝉 against quails and other quarry. Their motion, on account of their swiftness, cannot be perceived. They add to the enjoyment of the spectators by darting obliquely (?) on the quarry, which is discovered by the noise, 肠墨肠墨办耻肠墨 they make when they are captured. [...]鈥�.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (鈥減erforming arts鈥�) and Shastras (鈥渟ciences鈥�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ) refers to 鈥渞otating鈥� (in circles representing holy sites), according to the 10th-century 岣屇錵腻r峁嘺va-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Sa峁僾ara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.鈥擜ccordingly: [while explaining the body circle (办腻测补肠补办谤补)]: 鈥淸...] The first Yogin墨 in that circle is the one [who] emerged in the beginning (V腻r腻h墨)鈥攖he twelve [classes of Yogin墨s] are to be discerned by her; [they] rotate (蝉补帽肠腻谤补) in [the twelve circles representing] the 辫墨峁环补, upa辫墨峁环补, [and so on]. The other [Yogin墨s] residing at the gates and corners are [expressive of] the thirteenth Level. [Every Yogin墨 is] to be discerned with a name starting with 鈥榁ajra鈥� at the time of offering and praise. [This is] also the case of [the names of] the heroes. [...]鈥�.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥渄istress (of stones)鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淗ere in the cycle of rebirth consisting of endless misfortune, sentient beings roam about repeatedly, struck down by spear, axe, vice, fire, corrosive liquid or razor in hell, consumed by the multitude of flames (艣颈办丑腻蝉补峁僢丑腻谤补; var.鈥�艣颈濒腻-蝉补峁僣腻谤补鈥斺�渢he distress of stones鈥�) from the fire of violent actions in the plant and animal world , and subject to unequalled trouble in the human condition [or] full of desire among the gods. [Thus ends the reflection on] the cycle of rebirth.鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary蝉补帽肠腻谤补 : (m.) passage; movement; wandering.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary厂补帽肠腻谤补, (sa峁�+c腻ra) 1. going, movement, passing through Sdhp. 244.鈥�2. passages entrance, road J. I, 409; II, 70, 122. (Page 669)
鈥� or 鈥�
厂补帽肠补谤补, (fr. sa峁�+car) passage, way, medium DA. I, 289. (Page 669)
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ).鈥攎 (S The ca is both tsh and ts.) Penetration into and occupation of; pervasion; as bh奴ta蝉补帽肠腻谤补, vi峁蝉补帽肠腻谤补, v腻ta蝉补帽肠腻谤补. 2 Stirring about in; lively motion or action in. 3 Passage, progress, advance made into. 4 A slip; a turn aside; a devious or erring step; esp. a slip or blunder in a recitation. v 箩腻 g. of s.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ).鈥�m Penetration into and occupa- tion of, pervasion; as bh奴ta蝉补帽肠腻谤补, vi峁蝉补帽肠腻谤补, 惫腻迟补蝉补肠腻谤补. Lively motion or action in; passage, progress.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary厂补峁僣补谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぐ).鈥�
1) Passage, transit from one zodiacal sign to another.
2) A way, path; 啶い啷嵿ぐ啷屶し啶оた啶啶班啶距ざ啷囙え 啶ㄠ啷嵿い啶� 啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶苦い啶膏啶氞ぐ啶距 (yatrau峁dhiprak腻艣ena nakta峁� dar艣itasa峁僣ar腻岣�) Kum腻rasambhava 6.43; R.16.12.
3) A narrow road, defile, difficult passage.
4) Entrance, gate.
5) The body.
6) Killing.
7) Development. -a. Going about, moving everywhere; 啶呧え啶苦ぐ啷佮啷嵿い啶膏啶む啶班く啷嬥う啶多 啶膏啶む啶 啶膏啶氞ぐ啷� 啶灌啶傕啶距ぐ啶� (aniruktastrayoda艣a岣� stobha岣� sa峁僣aro hu峁僰腻ra岣�) Ch. Up.1.13.3.
Derivable forms: 蝉补峁僣补谤补岣� (啶膏啶氞ぐ啶�).
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厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�).鈥�1 Going, movement, travelling or roaming through; 啶� 啶啶ㄠ 啶ぞ啶班啶ムじ啶傕啶距ぐ啶� 啶膏啶氞ぐ啶む啶さ啶ㄠ啶い啶苦 (sa puna岣� p腻rthasa峁僣腻ra峁� sa峁僣aratyavan墨pati岣�) K. P.1; 啶膏啶侧き- 啶啶班啶粪じ啶傕啶距ぐ啷囙そ啶膏啶た啶ㄠ 啶啶班う啷囙ざ啷� (sulabha- puru峁sa峁僣腻re'smin prade艣e) M峁沜chaka峁璱ka 7; R.2.15.
2) Passing through, passage, transit.
3) A course, way, road, pass.
4) A difficult progress or journey.
5) Difficulty, distress.
6) Inciting.
7) Leading, guiding.
8) Transmission, contagion.
9) A gem said to be found in the hood of serpents.
1) The entrance of the sun into a new sign.
11) Infatuating; 啶むぅ啶距啷嵿く啶距い啶掂た啶оぞ啶ㄠ 啶� 啶啶椸 啶膏啶氞ぞ啶� 啶忇さ 啶� (tath腻khy腻tavidh腻na峁� ca yoga岣� sa峁僣腻ra eva ca) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 12.59.48 (com. 蝉补峁僣腻谤补岣� 艣rava峁嘺dar艣an腻bhy腻峁� paramohanam).
12) Track (of wild animals).
Derivable forms: 蝉补峁僣腻谤补岣� (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶班).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂补帽肠补谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶�).鈥攎.
(-谤补岣�) A defile, any narrow or difficult pass, a road along the edge of a mountain, or a bridge over a mountain-stream, &c. 2. Difficult passage, travelling along almost impracticable routes. 3. A road, a way. 4. The body. 5. Killing. 6. The passage of a planet from one sign of the zodiac to another. E. sam before car to go, aff. 驳丑补帽; also 蝉补帽肠腻谤补 .
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厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ).鈥攎.
(-谤补岣�) 1. Difficult progress. 2. Difficulty, distress. 3. Leading, guiding. 4. Inciting. 5. Impelling, setting in motion. 6. Contagion, communication or transmission of disease. 7. Course, transition. 8. A gem supposed to be found in the head of a serpent. 9. A way, a pass. E. sam before car to go, aff. 驳丑补帽: see 蝉补帽肠补谤补; or sam and car to go, causal v., ac aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂补峁僣补谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぐ).鈥攊. e. sam-car + a, m. 1. A defile, any narrow or difficult pass, a road along the edge of a mountain, or a bridge, etc. 2. Difficult passage. 3. A road. 4. The body. 5. Killing.
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厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�).鈥攊. e. sam-car + a, m. 1. Difficult progress. 2. Difficulty, distress. 3. Going, [搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺] 3, 52, 34; motion, [Bhart峁沨ari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 1, 11. 4. Course, [Uttara R腻macarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 42, 16 (of life). 5. Contagion. 6. Setting in motion, Bh腻峁Ｄ錺. 151. 7. Leading. 8. Inciting. 9. A gem supposed to be in the head of a serpent.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂补峁僣补谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぐ).鈥擺adjective] wandering together, happening at the same time, belonging to or partaking of (鈥斅�); [masculine] way, road, passage.
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厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�).鈥擺masculine] wandering, roaming, riding, driving moving i.[grammar]; going through, passage (also concr.); way, path.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 厂补峁僣补谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぐ):鈥擺=蝉补峁�-肠补谤补] [from 蝉补峁�-肠补谤] mfn. going about, moving (See 诲颈惫腻-蝉)
2) [v.s. ...] going or belonging together, simultaneous, [V腻jasaneyi-sa峁僪it腻; 膧pastamba-艣rauta-s奴tra]
3) [v.s. ...] m. (ifc. f(腻). ) passage, a way, road, path, place for walking ([especially] the space assigned to each person who takes part in a rite), [Taittir墨ya-sa峁僪it腻; 艢atapatha-br腻hma峁嘺; ???; K腻lid腻sa; Kath腻sarits腻gara]
4) [v.s. ...] m. a difficult passage, defile, bridge over a torrent etc., [Horace H. Wilson]
5) [v.s. ...] (in S腻峁僰hya) evolution, development, emanation, [Tattvasam腻sa]
6) [v.s. ...] the body, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] killing, [Horace H. Wilson]
8) 厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�):鈥擺=sa峁�-c腻ra] [from 蝉补峁�-肠补谤] m. (ifc. f(腻). ) walking about, wandering, roaming, driving or riding, any motion, [Mah腻bh腻rata; K腻vya literature] etc.
9) [v.s. ...] transit, passage, [ib.]
10) [v.s. ...] the passage or entrance of the sun into a new sign, [Monier-Williams鈥� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
11) [v.s. ...] passing over, transition, transference to ([compound]), [Y腻j帽avalkya]
12) [v.s. ...] transmission (of disease), contagion, [Horace H. Wilson]
13) [v.s. ...] course, path, way (also [figuratively] = 鈥榤ode, manner鈥�), [Mah腻bh腻rata; Hariv补峁兣沘]
14) [v.s. ...] track (of wild animals), [艢akuntal腻 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
15) [v.s. ...] course of life, career, [S腻hitya-darpa峁嘺]
16) [v.s. ...] a [particular] class of spies, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
17) [v.s. ...] difficult progress, difficulty, distress, [Horace H. Wilson]
18) [v.s. ...] leading, guiding, [ib.]
19) [v.s. ...] inciting, impelling, [ib.]
20) [v.s. ...] a gem supposed to be in the head of a serpent, [ib.]
21) [v.s. ...] = hu峁�-k腻ra, [Ch腻ndogya-upani峁d]
22) [v.s. ...] ([wrong reading] for 蝉补峁�-肠补谤补, sa峁�-s腻ra, and sac-c腻ra)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 厂补帽肠补谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶�):鈥�(谤补岣�) 1. m. A difficult passage; defile, road; body; killing.
2) 厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ):鈥擺sa-帽c腻ra] (谤补岣�) 1. m. Difficult progress; difficulty; transition; guiding, impelling; contagion; gem in a snake鈥檚 head.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 厂补峁僣腻谤补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�) [Also spelled sanchar]:鈥�(nm) communication; transmission; movement; -[ma峁僼r腻laya] Ministry of Communications; —[尘补峁僼谤墨] Minister for Communications; —[s腻dhana] means of communication; [vyavasth腻] communication system.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) 厂补峁僣补谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぐ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: 厂补峁僣补谤.
2) 厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�) also relates to the Sanskrit word: 厂补峁僣腻谤补.
3) 厂补峁僣腻谤补 (啶膏啶氞ぞ啶�) also relates to the Sanskrit word: 厂补峁僣腻谤补.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus厂补峁僣补谤补 (嗖膏矀嗖氞舶):鈥�
1) [noun] the act or an instance of wandering or travelling.
2) [noun] a way, path or road.
3) [noun] a narrow path; a lane.
4) [noun] a structure spanning and providing passage over a river or stream; a bridge.
5) [noun] 嗖膏矀嗖氞舶嗖掂簿嗖椸硜 [samcaravagu] sa峁僣arav腻gu to move; to pass.
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厂补峁僣腻谤补 (嗖膏矀嗖氞簿嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] a moving about; a roaming; a wandering.
2) [noun] the act of traveling; journeying; travel; journey.
3) [noun] a path, way, road or course.
4) [noun] the passage of the sun from one zodiacal sign to another or similar movement of other astral bodies.
5) [noun] (mus.) a movement of the tone within the countour and course prescribed for a particular r腻ga (musical mode) for exploration of its terrain with a particular gait, progression, rest, etc.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) 厂补帽肠腻谤补 (啶膏啷嵿啶距ぐ):鈥攏. 1. circulation (as of blood); motion (of traffic); 2. transport; 3. setting in motion (as of ideas); impelling; inciting; an impulse (of emotion); 4. communication (as of ideas/a disease); 5. Elect. current; transmission; 6. Astrol. passage of a heavenly body into a new sign of zodiac;
2) Samc腻ra (啶膏ぎ啷嵿啶距ぐ):鈥攏. colloq. 鈫� 啶膏ぎ啶距啶距ぐ [sam腻c腻ra]
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Sam, Cara, Caya.
Starts with: Samcarabhagin, Samcarajivin, Samcaraka, Samcarama, Samcaramarga, Samcaranamberu, Samcarane, Samcarani, Samcaraniya, Samcaranta, Samcarapatha, Samcaraputa, Samcarate, Samcaravicaravatkarna, Samcaravyadhi, Samcarayitar, Samcarayitri, Sancarana.
Full-text (+113): Durgasancara, Nihsamcara, Duhsamcara, Pratisamcara, Duhkhasamcara, Bhutasamcara, Patrasamcara, Samcarajivin, Anusancarita, Murtisamcara, Bhutasancara, Samcarapatha, Divasamcara, Vayusancara, Anusancarana, Asamcara, Dakshinasamcara, Samcaravyadhi, Agratalasancara, Pishacasamcara.
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Search found 37 books and stories containing Samcara, Sa-帽c腻ra, Sa-ncara, Sa峁�-c腻ra, Sa峁�-cara, Sam-cara, 厂补峁僣腻谤补, 厂补峁僣补谤补, 厂补峁僣补谤补, 厂补峁僣腻谤补, Samc腻ra, 厂补帽肠腻谤补, 厂补帽肠补谤补, Sancara, Sanc腻ra; (plurals include: Samcaras, 帽c腻ras, ncaras, c腻ras, caras, 厂补峁僣腻谤补s, 厂补峁僣补谤补s, Samc腻ras, 厂补帽肠腻谤补s, 厂补帽肠补谤补s, Sancaras, Sanc腻ras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D腻sa)
Text 10.11 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Spies in the Artha艣腻stra (2): 厂补帽肠腻谤补 < [Chapter 4 - Activities of spy]
Ubhayavetana (foreign ambassadors) < [Chapter 4 - Activities of spy]
Spies in the Artha艣腻stra: Conclusion < [Chapter 4 - Activities of spy]
Apastamba Yajna-paribhasa-sutras (by Hermann Oldenberg)
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)