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Kim, �: 15 definitions

Introduction:

Kim means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

쾱� : (rel. or inter. pron.) what? (m.) ko = who? (f.) = which woman? (nt.) ka� = what thing?

[Pali to Burmese]

: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မ� အဘိဓာန�)

1) 쾱ṃ�

(Burmese text): (�) ကြာ။ (�) အတူ၊ တူသော။

(Auto-Translation): (1) Long. (2) Together, similar.

2) 쾱ṃ�

(Burmese text): အဘယ်သူ၊ အဘယ်မည်သောအရာ၊ အဘယ်အကြောင်း၊ အဘယ်နည်း။

(Auto-Translation): Who, what, why, how.

3) 쾱ṃ�

(Burmese text): (�) မေးမြန်းခြင်� (အဘယ်နည်�)� (�) စက်ဆုပ်ခြင်း၊ စက်ဆုပ်ဖွယ်သော။ ကိန္န�-ကြည့်။ (�) ကြံခြင်း။ (�) တားမြစ်ခြင်း။

(Auto-Translation): (1) Inquiry (What kind?). (2) Mechanical processing, mechanizable. See also - refer. (3) Planning. (4) Prohibition.

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Therada Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Discover the meaning of kim in the context of Pali from relevant books on

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

쾱� (कि�).—pron S Who, which, what. It occurs frequently in the ܲī form of composition. Ex. 쾱ṅkٳṛk By whom caused, produced, done? 쾱�- prayōjanaka Of what use or need? kimartha or kinnimitta Why? for what reason?

--- OR ---

kī� (की�).—conj Or. 2 That: noting indication. Ex. tē bōlalē kī� āmhāsa yāvayāsa banaṇāra nāhī�. 3 ind It often emphatically concludes an interrogation; ex. tatū� yētōsa kī�? dētōsa kī�? or an affirmation of the interrogative form, implying surprise at the supposition which has called it forth. Ex. mī dētō� kī� I am giving it don't you see? ŧ is often conjoined, as kiŧ. Ex. ālō� kiŧ, jātō� kiŧ, basatō� kiŧ.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

쾱� (कि�).�pro Who, which, what. As a member of a comp. kimartha, kinnimitta Why? for what use?

--- OR ---

kī� (की�).�conj Or. That: nothing indication.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Discover the meaning of kim in the context of Marathi from relevant books on

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Kim (किम्).�pron. a. (nom. sing. 첹� m., f., kim n.)

1) Who, what, which used interrogatively); प्रजास� कः के� पथ� प्रयातीत्यशेषतो वेदितुमस्त� शक्तिः (prajāsu 첹� kena pathā prayātītyaśeṣato veditumasti śakti�) Ś.6.26; करुणाविमुखेन मृत्युना हरता त्वा� वद कि� � मे हृतम� (karuṇāvimukhena mṛtyunā haratā t� vada 쾱� na me hṛtam) R.8.67; का खल्वने� प्रार्थ्यमानात्मना विकत्थते ( khalvanena prārthyamānātmanā vikatthate) V.2; कः कोऽत्र भो� (첹� ko'tra bho�). कः कौ के कं कौ कान् हसति � हसतो हसन्ति हरणाक्ष्यः (첹� kau ke ka� kau n hasati ca hasato hasanti haraṇākṣya�) Udb. The pronoun is often used to imply 'power or authority to do a thing'; i. e. के आवां परित्रातुं दुष्यन्तमाक्रन्द (ke ā� paritrātu� duṣyantamākranda) Ś.1; 'who are we &c.', i. e. what power have we &c.; नृपसद्मन� ना� के वयम् (nṛpasadmani nāma ke vayam) 󲹰ṛh 3.27; who are we, i. e. what position have we &c. Sometimes किम् (kim) means 'long' as applied to time especially in combination with खल� (khalu) or अप� (api) or इव (iva); का खल� वेला पत्रभवत्या� प्राप्ताया� ( khalu velā patrabhavatyā� prāptāyā�) Ve.1; 'what a time' i. e. a long time has elapsed, &c.; so कोऽप� कालस्तस्या आगत्� गतायाः (ko'pi lastasyā āgatya gatāyā�) Ratn 3; or � इव कालः (ka iva la�) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 3.

2) The neuter (kim) is frequently used with instr. of nouns in the sense of 'what is the use of'; कि� स्वामिचेष्टानिरूपणेन (쾱� smiceṣṭānirūpaṇena) H.1; लोभश्चेदगुणे� किम् (lobhaścedaguṇena kim) &c. 󲹰ṛh 2.55; कि� तय� दृष्ट्या (쾱� tayā dṛṣṭyā) Ś.3; कि� कुलेनोपदिष्टेन शीलमेवात्र कारणम् (쾱� kulenopadiṣṭena śīlametra raṇam) Mṛcchakaṭika 9.7. अप�, चित्, चन, चिदप� (api, cit, cana, cidapi) or स्वित् (svit) are often added to किम् (kim) to give it an indefinite sense; विवे� कश्चिज्जटिलस्तपोवनम् (viveśa kaścijjaṭilastapovanam) Kumārasambhava 5.3. a certain ascetic; दमघोषसुतेन कश्च� प्रतिशिष्ट� प्रतिभानवानथ (damaghoṣasutena kaścana pratiśiṣṭa� pratibhānanatha) Śiśupālavadha 16.1; कश्चित्कान्ताविरहगुरुण� स्वाधिकारात्प्रमत्तः (kaścitntāvirahaguruṇ� sdhirātpramatta�) Meghadūta 1. &c.; काऽप� तत एवागतवती ('pi tata egatavatī) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1; a certain lady; कस्याऽपि कोऽपित� निवेदितं � (kasyā'pi ko'piti nivedita� ca) 1.33; किमप�, किमप� (kimapi, kimapi) ... जल्पतोरक्रमे� (Ჹ貹ٴǰṇa) Uttararāmacarita 1.27; कस्मिंश्चिदप� महाभागधेयजन्मन� मन्म�- विकारमुपलक्षितवानस्म� (kasmiṃścidapi mahābhāgadheyajanmani manmatha- viramupalakṣitanasmi) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1; किमप�, किंचित� (kimapi, 쾱ṃcit) 'a little', वस्त�- सिद्धिर्विचारे� � किंचित� कर्मकोटिभि� (vastu- siddhirvicāreṇa na 쾱ṃcit karmakoṭibhi�) Vivekachūdamaṇi; 'somewhat' Y.2.116; Uttararāmacarita 6.35. किमप� (kimapi) also means 'indeseribable'; see अप� (api). इव (iva) is sometimes added to किम् (kim) in the sense of 'possibly', 'I should like to know'; (mostly adding force and elegance to the period); विना सीतादेव्या किमि� हि � दुःख� रघुपते� (vinā sītādevyā kimiva hi na duḥkha� raghupate�) Uttararāmacarita 6.3; किमि� हि मधुराणां मण्डनं नाकृतीनाम् (kimica hi madhurāṇāṃ maṇḍana� nākṛtīnām) Ś.1.2; see इव (iva) also. -ind.

1) A particle of interrogation; जातिमात्रे� कि� कश्चिद्धन्यत� पूज्यत� क्वचित� (jātimātreṇa 쾱� kaściddhanyate pūjyate kvacit) H.1.55 'is any one killed or worshipped' &c.; तत� किम् (tata� kim) what then.

2) A particle meaning 'why', 'wherefore'; किमकारणमेव दर्शनं बिलपन्त्यै रतये � दीयत� (kimaraṇameva darśana� bilapantyai rataye na dīyate) Kumārasambhava 4.7.

3) Whether (its correlatives in the sense of 'or' being 쾱�, uta, utāho, āhosvit, , 쾱ṃ�, atha; see these words).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kim (किम्).—ind.

(-kim or 쾱�) 1. What, how. 2. Either, or; a particle of doubt or interrogation. 3. A particle of contempt. The relative pronoun. mfn.

(-첹�--쾱�) What, who, which expressing, 1. Doubt. 2. Interrogation. 3. Disdain. 4. Reproach, (as in English, Who are you, &c.) 5. Kind, sort. E. kai to sound, ḍi Unadi aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kim (किम्).—except for the nom. and acc. sing. ntr., the base of the msc. and n. and most derivatives is ka, of the fem. , I. interrog. pron., sbst., and adj. Who, what, which, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 8, 414; 9, 170; 8, 161.

� With gen. Who, what in proportion to, [Kumārasaṃbhava, (ed. Stenzler.)] 3, 10: ke mama dhanvino nye, What may the other archers be able to do against me?

� With instr. Away with, e. g. 쾱� vilambena, Do not tarry, [峾ⲹṇa] 3, 35, 35. 쾱� bahunā, In short, [ʲñٲԳٰ] 5, 3. kim anena, No question, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 91, 7.

� With instr. and gen. 쾱� te jñātair mahādhanurdharai�, What have you to do with knowing the great arcers? [ٰܱ貹īٳ] 7, 4.

� Instead of the instr. may be used also the absolutive, 쾱� te sūryam nipātya, What matters it to you to bring down the sun? Mahābhārata 13, 4628.

� Joined with the demonstr. pron. idam, e. g. ko yam, Who there? [ᾱٴDZ貹ś] 18, 11.

� Doubled, e. g. 쾱ṃ쾱ṃ na karoti, What, what does he not? [ʲñٲԳٰ] i. [distich] 338.

� It joins two questions in one sentence, e. g. m ka� varam icchati, Who of you chooses the one and who the other boon? [峾ⲹṇa] 1, 39, 12. Ii. Indefin. pron. 1. Some, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 2, 21; generally followed by, a., ca, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 3, 3, 11; preceded by the relat. pron. yad, Whoever, whatever, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 12, 95. b. ca na, Anybody, [Nala] 17, 44 (40); anything, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 8, 76; some, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 5, 23, 4; doubled, ṃścana-ṃścana, Several, [峾ⲹṇa] 2, 96, 34; preceded by the relat. pron. yad, Whatever, [Nala] 4, 2. c. cid, Anybody, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 8, 212; any, 8, 232; whoever, Sāh. D. 7, 12 somebody, [Nala] 14, 2. ka� cit lam, Some time, [峾ⲹṇa] 3, 21, 31. kaś cid

� kaś cid, Some one

� another, [峾ⲹṇa] 1, 4, 18; preceded by the relat. pron. yad, a. Whatever, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 2, 7. Some trifle, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 9, 115. [distich] api, see api. 2. Any, Yajñ. 3, 133. 3. Joined with na, Nobody, [󲹰ṛh, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 99.

� With ca na or na

� ca na, Nothing, nobody, [Nala] 15, 16; [Բ󲹰śٰ] 4, 134. mā 쾱� ca na, Not at all, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 1, 13, 39. na hi 쾱� ca na, Never, Mahābhārata 1, 6132.

� With na

� cid, Nobody, nothing, [Nala] 3, 24; not any, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 1, 81.

� With na

� api, Nobody, [󲹰ṛh, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 99; not the least, [ʲñٲԳٰ] 157, 6. Iii. kim (acc. sing. ntr.) adv. 1. Why, [Nala] 11, 3. 2. A particle of interrog., e. g. sāmyam icchasi kim, Are you really desirous of readmission to equality? [Բ󲹰śٰ] 11, 195.

� With following u, kim u, How much more? [Բ󲹰śٰ] 7, 55.

� With following ca, Further, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 2, 1; [ʲñٲԳٰ] 226, 11; [ᾱٴDZ貹ś] 4, 18; go on, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 89, 17.

� With following tu, But, Mahābhārata 1, 1916.

� With following nu, 1. It lays a stress on the interrogation, [ٰܱ貹īٳ] 5, 13. 2. How much less? [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 1, 35.

� With following punar, How much less? Ram. 1, 22, 21.

� A following increases the doubt, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 105, 7; [ʲñٲԳٰ] 44, 21.

� In disjunctive questions we find, kim

� 쾱� , [Śṛṅپ] 7. kim

� 쾱�

� 쾱� , [ʲñٲԳٰ] 34, 15 (tat kim... śastreṇa mārayāmi, 쾱� viṣam pra yacchāmi, 쾱� paśudharmeṇa vyāpādayāmi, Shall I kill him with a knife, or shall I give him poison, or shall I kill him like a beast?). kim

� kim

� atha, [Mṛcchakaṭi, (ed. Stenzler.)] 171, 14. kim

� uta, [Mṛcchakaṭi, (ed. Stenzler.)] 147, 22. kim

� uta , [ʲñٲԳٰ] 68, 14. kim

� uta

� uta, [󲹰ṛh, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 77. kim

� uta

� atha , [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 17, 112. kim

� uta

� āho svid, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 106. kim

� atha

� uta, [峾ⲹṇa] 5, 51, 7. kim is sometimes the former part of a compound word, e. g. 쾱ṃrūpa, adj. How ṣaped? [ʲñٲԳٰ] 258, 13. 쾱ṃcid is also the latter part of compound words, e. g. 쾱ṃcijjña, adj. Knowing a little, Bhartr. 2, 8. a-쾱ṃcid, Nothing at all, Mahābhārata 13, 2334. Iv. kena, instr. How so? [峾ⲹṇa] 6, 12, 4.

� Cf. separately.

� Cf. e. g. etc.; [Latin] quis, qui, etc.; [Gothic.] hvas; [Anglo-Saxon.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kim (किम्).�([neuter] sgl. of ki to 1 ka, used also °� as stem [often] = kad q.v.) what? as [adverb] whence? wherefore? why? also merely [interrogative] = num, an; in all these mgs [often] connected with aṅga, iti, iva, u, uta, nu (khalu), , svid, in the second clause of a double question kim alone or [with] uta, u , nu , , also (without kim) uta, uta & pi, atha or āho svid. � With cana (ca na), cid (& api*) indef. = something, a little (kimapi also in [later language] rather, much, vehemently); [with] all three & a neg. by no means, not at all. kimu how much more, however. still. 쾱� ca moreover, further ([especially] between two stanzas). 쾱� tu yet, however, nevertheless. kimuta & 쾱� nu how much more or less. 쾱� punar the same + still, yet however. 쾱ܻ徱śⲹ for what purpose (lit. aiming at what)? kim [with] [instrumental] what is gained by? what is the use of? what is it ([instrumental]) to ([genetive])?

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kim (किम्):—a ind. ([from] 1. ki, originally [nominative case] and [accusative] sg. n. of 2. ka q.v.), what? how? whence? wherefore? why?

2) b is much used as a particle of interrogation like the [Latin] num, an, sometimes translatable by ‘whether?� but oftener serving only like a note of interrogation to mark a question (e.g. 쾱� vyādhā vane smin saṃcaranti, ‘do hunters roam about in this wood?� In an interrogation the verb, if uncompounded with a preposition, generally retains its accent after kim, [Pāṇini 8-1, 44]). To this sense may be referred the kim expressing inferiority, deficiency, etc. at the beginning of compounds (e.g. 쾱�-rājan, what sort of king? id est. a bad king, [Pāṇini 2-1, 64; v, 4, 70])

3) also the kim prefixed to verbs with a similar meaning (e.g. 쾱-īٱ, he reads badly, [Pāṇini 8-1, 44],[Kāśi-vṛtti]) kimuta, or kimuta- or kimathauta, whether—or—or, [峾ⲹṇa; Śakuntalā; 󲹰ṛh] etc. (cf. uta.)

4) c is very frequently connected with other particles, as follows: kim aṅga, wherefore then? [Ṛg-veda]

5) atha kim See atha

6) kim api, somewhat, to a considerable extent, rather, much more, still further, [Śakuntalā; Meghadūta] etc.

7) kim iti, why? [Śakuntalā; Kumāra-sambhava; ʲñٲԳٰ] etc.

8) [kim-iva], what for? [Śiśupāla-vadha xvi, 31]

9) [kim-u] or kim-uta how much more? how much less? [Ṛg-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.

10) 쾱� kila, what a pity! (expressing dissatisfaction), [Pāṇini 3-3, 146]

11) [쾱�-ca], moreover, further, [ʲñٲԳٰ; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.

12) what more (expressing impatience), [Śakuntalā]

13) [쾱�-cana] (originally -ca na, negative = ‘in no way�), to a certain degree, a little, [Kathāsaritsāgara]

14) (with a negation) in no way, not at all, [Mahābhārata i, 6132]

15) [쾱�-cid], somewhat, a little, [Mahābhārata; 峾ⲹṇa] etc.

16) 쾱� tarhi, how then? but, however, [Pāṇini 2-2, 4; Patañjali; 4-1, 163], [Kāśi-vṛtti]

17) [쾱�-tu], but, however, nevertheless (bearing the same relation to tu that 쾱�-ca bears to ca), [Mahābhārata; 峾ⲹṇa] etc.

18) [쾱�-nu], whether indeed? (a stronger interrogative than kim alone), [Mahābhārata; 峾ⲹṇa] etc.

19) how much more? how much less? [Bhagavad-gītā i, 35]

20) 쾱� nu khalu, how possibly? (a still stronger interrogative), [Śakuntalā]

21) kim punar, how much more? how much less? [峾ⲹṇa; Bhagavad-gītā ix, 33 etc.]

22) however, [Bālarāmāyaṇa]

23) but, [ib.]

24) 쾱� , whether? or whether? [Śakuntalā; ʲñٲԳٰ] etc.

25) or (often a mere particle of interrogation)

26) 쾱� svid, why? [Kathāsaritsāgara xxvi, 75]

27) a stronger interrogative than kim alone, [Ṛg-veda; Mahābhārata; Kathāsaritsāgara]

28) � (कि�):—[from kim] 1 (in [compound] for kim).

29) [from kim] 2 (in [compound] for kim).

30) Kim (किम्):—d (in [compound])

31) Kīm (कीम्):�ind. See , m-ī.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) � (कि�):�adv. What? how?

2) Kim (किम्):�adv. What? how?

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Kim (किम्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: ṇa, .

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Discover the meaning of kim in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on

Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

� (कि�) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kim.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Discover the meaning of kim in the context of Prakrit from relevant books on

See also (Relevant definitions)

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