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Significance of Re-birth

Re-birth is a significant concept across various traditions in South Asia, particularly in Hinduism and Buddhism. It encompasses themes such as the miraculous return to life after death, the reincarnation of souls like Sati into different forms, and the continued cycle of birth and death governed by karma. This cycle stresses the importance of actions in previous lives and the pursuit of enlightenment to transcend re-birth. Ultimately, re-birth emphasizes moral continuity and the cyclical nature of existence.

Synonyms: Rebirth, Renewal, Resurrection, Regeneration, Revival, Reincarnation, Rejuvenation

In French: Renaissance; In Dutch: Wedergeboorte; In Finnish: Uudestisyntyminen; In Spanish: Renacimiento; In German: Wiedergeburt; In Swedish: 脜迟别谤蹿枚诲别濒蝉别; In Malay: Kelahiran semula

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Re-birth'

Buddhism Books

Re-birth in Buddhism signifies the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth driven by karma, emphasizing moral continuity and the quest for enlightenment to transcend this cycle, as elaborated by the Buddha's teachings on past actions' consequences.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) The understanding of life cycles and past lives highlighted in the conclusion of the story, focusing on moral continuity.[1] (2) A fundamental concept in Buddhism and Hinduism referring to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth of beings, influenced by karma.[2] (3) A concept discussed by the Master, implying the connection or consequences of past actions in different births.[3]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra

(1) The cycle of being born again, which one seeks to transcend through enlightenment.[4]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Re-birth'

Hinduism Books

Re-birth in Hinduism encompasses the cycle of life and death influenced by past actions, highlighting themes of transformation and continuity, as illustrated in narratives like Satyabhama's, along with the philosophical inquiries found in the Upanishads.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The cycle of life and death that transpires for souls that do not attain the ultimate realization of Brahman.[5]

From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)

(1) The phenomenon in which Sati is reborn as Ganga and Uma following her death.[6]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The cycle of being born again into different forms based on previous life experiences.[7]

From: Kathopanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) The repeated cycle of birth after death, which the Upanishads address through philosophical inquiries about the soul.[8]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) The cycle of birth and death that individuals experience due to their actions and ignorance.[9]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

The concept of Re-birth in local and regional sources

History Books

Re-birth signifies the Prince's miraculous return to life following his fall, marking a pivotal event that symbolizes renewal and transformation, as indicated by regional sources.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The belief held by Ashu Babu that life continues beyond the current existence, affecting his views on desire and happiness.[10] (2) The philosophical concept embraced by Tagore, suggesting that life involves cycles of birth, death, and rebirth, emphasizing continuity and change.[11]

Significance in South Asia:
South Asia Books

From: Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3

(1) The event that occurred to the Prince after he fell, indicating his miraculous return to life.[12]