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Significance of Calcutta

Calcutta is a significant city in India, referenced in various cultural and historical contexts. In Vaishnavism, it serves as a hub for devotional practices and the Gaudiya Matha. The city is important in Indian literature, being the site of the Bibliotheca Indica's publication. Natyashastra and Ayurveda also highlight Calcutta鈥檚 role in translating and publishing significant texts, including the Sushruta Samhita. Additionally, Calcutta is depicted as a bustling metropolis with personal, social, and cultural narratives unfolding against its backdrop.1
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Synonyms: Kolkata, City of joy, Bengal

In Dutch: Calcutta; In German: Kalkutta; In Finnish: Kalkutta; In Spanish: Calcuta

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Calcutta'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Calcutta is significant as the city where pivotal translations and publications, such as the Sushruta Samhita and NATYAShASTRA, occurred, marking its historical importance in education, literature, and legal studies within the culture.

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana

(1) The location where the translation and publication efforts of the Sushruta Samhita were centralized in December 1907.[1] (2) The city in India where the Sushruta Samhita was edited and published.[2] (3) The location where the English translation of the Sushruta Samhita was published, indicating its historical and cultural significance.[3]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 2: Nidanasthana

(1) The city where this edition of the Sushruta Samhita was published.[4] (2) The location where the author, Kunja Lal Bhishagratna, published the translation of the Susruta Samhita.[5]

From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra

(1) The location from which Kunjalal Bhishagratna penned the acknowledgment for the completion of the translation of the Sushruta Samhita.[6] (2) The city where the translation of the Sushruta Samhita was published in 1916.[7]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana

(1) The city where the Sushruta Samhita was published, highlighting its historical relevance as a center for education and literature.[8]

From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 5: Kalpasthana

(1) The city where the publication was printed, indicating its geographic and cultural context.[9]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Referring to a geographic location, possibly in reference to resources or documents related to legal or cultural studies.[10] (2) A reference to a location where one of the texts, Vivadacintamani, is published, relating to the discussion of inheritance rights.[11]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Markandeya Purana

(1) The city where the Bibliotheca Indica was printed and published, highlighting its significance in the history of Indian literature.[12] (2) The location where the publication of the Bibliotheca Indica took place, specifically at the Baptist Mission Press.[13]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Srila Gurudeva (The Supreme Treasure)

(1) A major city in India where arrangements for shipping items can be coordinated.[14]

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) The city where the Gaudiya Matha is located, significant in the context of devotional practices.[15]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):
Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) The place where the translation of the NATYAShASTRA was published.[16]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

The concept of Calcutta in local and regional sources

History Books

Calcutta serves as a significant backdrop in the text, symbolizing freedom, struggle, and plans for development. It intertwines themes of personal anonymity, hardship, education, and ambition, reflecting the city's complex social fabric and the author's aspirations.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) The location of the sender's monastery, as mentioned in the letter, and also the destination for the sender's Sanskrit books.[17] (2) This is the place where the author was when he started his journey, and where he was in poor health.[18] (3) This is the destination to which the Swami and his group went after departing from Lahore, leaving the other group to proceed with their sightseeing itinerary.[19] (4) The city where the individual's family resides, and where the author knew the family prior to their meeting.[20] (5) Calcutta is a place where work is also progressing, which the author mentions alongside the other location, indicating similar positive developments.[21]

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The city that serves as the primary setting for 'The Hungry Ones,' representing the struggles with hunger and poverty amid riot and famine.[22] (2) The city that Durga describes to her parents, representing the world of urban life and change.[23] (3) The city where Usman resides and where Muhamad hopes to visit his son and witness his glory.[24] (4) The capital of West Bengal, indicating the geographic and cultural backdrop against which personal and societal narratives unfold.[25] (5) The city in India from which the first group of indentured labourers departed to Fiji.[26]

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) The text mentions Hardwar, Benares, Jagannath Puri and Calcutta, as the places Lehna Singh went to on a pilgrimage after leaving the Punjab.[27]