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Significance of Bitterness

Bitterness has varied interpretations across different contexts. In Vaishnavism, it symbolizes the contrast between expectation and reality as experienced by Krishna. The Purana depicts it as a quality of speech used by Tara to defend her lord against an angry prince. In historical narratives from India, it signifies the resentment felt by Bheema's aunt regarding her daughter-in-law. Additionally, in scientific terms, Bitterness refers to a characteristic of plants (tikta rasa) that highlights its tonic properties and benefits for bodily functions.

Synonyms: Resentment, Harshness, Acerbity, Animosity, Spitefulness, Distaste, Sorrow, Enmity, Acrimony, Hostility, Spite, Gall, Antagonism, Malice

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Bitterness'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Bitterness signifies both the harshness of speech aimed at an angry prince, prompting Tara's defense, and the unforeseen, contrasting taste Krishna encounters with the flower, symbolizing the disparity between expectation and reality.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) The unexpected taste that Krishna experiences upon the arrival of the flower, representing the contrast between expectation and reality.[1]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Griffith)

(1) The quality of the speech addressed to the angry prince, and it is the reason why Tara is speaking in defense of her lord.[2]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

The concept of Bitterness in local and regional sources

History Books

Bitterness, as described, encapsulates Bheema auntie's resentment towards her daughter-in-law, highlighting the emotional turmoil and strife in their relationship, which stems from unmet expectations and unresolved grievances.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) A feeling of resentment experienced by Bheema auntie regarding her situation with her daughter-in-law.[3]