Ahara as depicted in the Pancanikaya
by Le Chanh | 2010 | 101,328 words
This is a critical study of Ahara and its importance as depicted in the Pancanikaya (Pancha Nikaya).—The concept of Ahara (“food�) in the context of Buddhism encompasses both physical and mental nourishment. The Panca Nikaya represents the five collections (of discourses) of the Sutta Pitaka within Buddhist literature. The present study emphasizes ...
2. Cultivation of food of contact
As discussed the six objects are foods for the six senses. Everyday one is exposed to many forms, colors, sounds, smells, tastes, objects of touch, and ideas that are toxic and rob his body and consciousness. If one is mindful, he will know whether he is ingesting the toxins of fear, hatred, and violence, or eating foods that encourage understanding, compassion, and the determination to help others. With the practice of mindfulness, he will know that hearing this, looking at that, or touching this, we feel light and peaceful, while hearing that, looking at this, or touching that, he feels anxious, sad, or depressed. Hence, cultivation of food of contact is to identify what to be in contact with and what to avoid. For the cultivation of food of contact, one should post a sentinel, namely right mindfulness (sammasati,) at each of his sense doors to protect himself, and mindfulness plays an important role in controlling the senses as taught by the Buddha: "Monks, consider the monks who with conscious purpose lives controlled by controlling the eye-faculties. Whereas, were he to live uncontrolled, the cankers, vexatious, tormenting, would arise; since he lives controlled by controlling the eye-faculties, the cankers are not. So, too, as to the faculties of the ear, nose, tongue, body, mind.
254 ... These, monks, are the cankers to be got rid of by control, which are got rid of by control."476 If the six senses are not controlled, the countless toxins that will destroy both body and consciousness, individuals, families, and society, will became tangled and troubled. Indeed, since when the six objects cognizable by the six senses, the objects desirable, pleasant, delightful and dear, since then the world or the earth on which devas, Maras, Brahmas, hosts of recluses and Brahmins, and mankind, is for the most past plunged herein, become tangled like a ball of thread, covered with blight, become like a woven rope of grass, unable to cross over the downfall, the way of woe, the ruin, and the round of rebirth. 477 Food of contact is the very contact element of Dependent Origination, since when there is the arising of contact, there is the arising of ill and of the world; hence the cultivation of contact is to tend to ending ill according to the spirit of Dependent Origination as the Buddha taught: "The arising of ill and of the world because of sight and visual consciousness arises, contact is the clash of the three; feeling is conditioned by the contact, craving by the feeling. This is the arising of ill and world. Such is it also in the case of the other senses. However, by the utter fading away and ceasing of the craving, grasping ceases, by the ceasing of the grasping, becoming ceases ... suffering, despair cease. Such is the ceasing of the entire mass of ill and world."478 It can be said that the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind are regarded as the mouths of the mind or consiciousness. These six mouths are constantly eating or in contact with sense objects to feed 476 A. III, 387; M. I, 9-10. 477 S. IV, 157. 478 S. II, 71, 73.
255 consciousness, even while sleeping. Therefore, the cultivation of food of contact is firstly to post a sentinel called mindfulness. The work of a sentinel - mindfulness is to consider and know how to choose foods to nourish the six senses and objects. The mindfulness will generate the understanding by means of a long training. So, the cultivation of contractual food is also to develop higher or promote to the liberated mind and wisdom. From the above description, we realize that cultivation of food of contact is the cultivation of the six senses and the six objects. Indeed, there are the six objects cognizable by the six senses pleasant, passionfraught, inciting to lust, there comes a lure upon him. Where there is a lure there is infatuation. Where there is infatuation there is bondage. Because of the arising of the lure is that of ill. This is called the nourishment of the contractual food that creates the suffering. 479 With the strength of a sentinel - mindfulness and understanding one can observe and identify that the six senses and six objects are impermanent, ill, and no-self, he should put away desire for that, both in the past, the future and the present, he cares not them that is past, not in love with them to be, in the present he sees they are not his, not himself, he is not them. So seeing, he is repelled by them and lust not for them. In 480 this way, he gets true happiness. This is called the transformation of food of contact that brings about true happiness. The methods of the cultivation or transformation of contactual food taught by Lord Buddha many times in Salayatanavagga of Samyutta Nikaya IV that is the practice of the three contemplations: The contemplation of the eye and forms mind and mind objects are impermanence, no-self, and suffering. In doing do, the eye will not be 479 480 S. IV, 36, 37. Ibid.,, 2, 3, 4 4. ...
256 tied by forms .. mind will not be attached to mind objects, one will free from greed, hatred and ignorance, he becomes utterly well. The cultivation of food of contact is the transformation of the three feelings: pleasant (sukha-vedana,) unpleasant (dukkha-vedana) and neutral (abyakata). In short, in order to save the bleeded consciousness like a skinned cow, the foods of the six senses should be changed. Give them the foods that bring about peace and happiness, do not give the foods that cause violence, conflict, and grief to them.