Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ayurvedic, phytochemical and pharmacological information of bhringraj (eclipta alba)
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Dr. Swapnali Kambli, Dr. Prachi Khaire and Dr. Manu Kushwaha
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Ayurvedic, phytochemical and pharmacological information of bhringraj (eclipta alba)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202215-26034
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The herb Eclipta alba, commonly known as Bhringraj, is lauded in both traditional medicine and modern pharmaceuticals for its diverse health benefits. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, this plant is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of India. In Ayurveda, Bhringraj is revered as a "Rasayana," or a rejuvenating herb that promotes longevity by restoring balance to the body's tridosha (the three fundamental energies). Its therapeutic potential is underlined by a range of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects, making it an important subject of study in herbal medicine.
Hepatoprotective Properties
One of the most significant attributes of Bhringraj is its hepatoprotective effect. Research demonstrates the ability of alcoholic extracts of Eclipta alba to counteract liver damage induced by toxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In animal studies, the extract not only helped in restoring the liver-to-body weight ratio but also normalized serum levels of various liver enzymes, indicating its protective role during hepatic injuries. Furthermore, the leaf extracts have shown promising results in alleviating paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, further validating the herb's traditional use for liver ailments.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects
Bhringraj has also been recognized for its antioxidant potential. Studies assessing its extracts have revealed significant free radical scavenging ability, which is vital in mitigating oxidative stress and associated cellular damage. In addition to its antioxidant properties, Eclipta alba exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Such effects underscore its role in traditional medicine not only as a remedy for internal ailments but also as a topical treatment for infections.
Hair Growth Promotion
Another notable application of Bhringraj is its effectiveness in promoting hair growth, which has led to its widespread use in hair oils and products. Research indicates that both petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of the plant significantly reduce the time required for hair growth in animal tests. This property has been linked to its potential to stimulate hair follicles during the anagen phase, re-establishing the confidence in using Bhringraj as a natural remedy for hair loss.
Conclusion
In summary, Eclipta alba emerges as a multifaceted medicinal plant with extensive applications across various health conditions, particularly liver disorders, oxidative stress-related damage, infections, and hair loss. Its rich chemical composition, encompassing phytochemicals such as wedelactone and eclalbasaponins, contributes to its broad therapeutic profile. As interest in herbal medicine continues to grow, further studies aimed at standardizing and refining the use of Bhringraj can pave the way for its incorporation into modern pharmaceuticals, offering a synthesis of ancient wisdom and contemporary medical applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Eclipta alba and its common name?
Eclipta alba, commonly known as Bhringraj, is a medicinal plant from the Asteraceae family. It is recognized for its traditional use in Ayurveda for various health benefits, particularly for hair and liver health.
What are the traditional uses of Bhringraj in Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, Bhringraj is used for treating hair loss, liver disorders, enhancing digestion, and general debility. It is also considered an anti-aging agent and is applied externally for skin issues and inflammation.
What are the key pharmacological activities of Eclipta alba?
Eclipta alba exhibits several pharmacological activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic effects. It also shows promising results in promoting hair growth and antimicrobial properties.
What chemical compounds are found in Eclipta alba?
Eclipta alba contains important phytochemicals such as wedelactone, eclalbasaponins, α-amyrin, ursolic acid, and flavonoids like luteolin and apigenin, contributing to its medicinal properties.
How is Eclipta alba typically administered for health benefits?
Eclipta alba can be administered in various forms such as oil, fresh juice, or powder. Typical dosages include 3-5 drops of oil, 5-10 ml of fresh juice, or 2-3 grams of powder.
What are the benefits of using Bhringraj for hair health?
Bhringraj is renowned for promoting hair growth, preventing hair loss, and maintaining hair health. It is often used in hair oils and treatments to support healthy, dark, and long hair.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic, phytochemical, and pharmacological info on Bhringraj.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In the context of herbal medicine and pharmacology, 'Activity' is often used to describe the effects or functions of a substance, such as a plant or drug, in treating or alleviating health conditions. For Eclipta alba (Bhringraj), various activities demonstrate its therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial activities, which underpin its medicinal relevance in traditional practices.
2) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
In Ayurveda, 'Nighantu' refers to a treatise or compendium that catalogues medicinal plants, their properties, synonyms, and uses. They serve as important references for Ayurvedic practitioners in identifying and utilizing herbs effectively. Nighantus contain essential information that helps in understanding the traditional applications of plants like Bhringraj in herbal medicine.
3) Taila (Thaila):
'Taila' translates to 'oil' in Ayurveda and refers to formulations made with oils, often infused with herbs for medicinal purposes. Bhringraj oil is famously used for hair care and is believed to promote hair growth and health. The preparation of herbal oils is a significant practice in Ayurvedic treatments to harness the benefits of various plants.
4) Hair:
'Hairs' signify the individual strands on the human scalp, central to many beauty and health discussions. The health of hairs is often an indicator of overall well-being. Bhringraj is celebrated for supporting hair vitality, fostering its popularity in herbal treatments targeted at beautification and health maintenance tied to hair.
5) Varga:
'Varga' denotes a classification or grouping, often used in the context of Nighantus and Ayurvedic texts to categorize medicinal substances or plants based on their properties, effects, or therapeutic applications. Understanding 'Varga' helps practitioners navigate complex classifications and enhances the efficacy of treatment protocols in Ayurvedic medicine.
6) Markava:
Markava is an alternative name for 'Bhringraj' in Ayurveda, signifying its identity and traditional uses. Its presence in ancient texts helps establish a historical context for its application in treatments related to hair and skin disorders. Recognizing such synonyms is critical for accurate identification and application in Ayurvedic practices.
7) Palitya:
Palitya refers to a condition characterized by hair loss or baldness in Ayurvedic terminology. Bhringraj is frequently cited in the context of treating Palitya, emphasizing its rejuvenating properties for hair health. It highlights the plant's therapeutic role in managing specific health conditions related to hair.
8) Drug:
'Drugs' refer to substances used for medical treatment; in herbal medicine, substances derived from plants like Bhringraj represent alternative therapies for various ailments, promoting an understanding of their roles in modern healthcare frameworks.
9) Khalitya:
'Khalitya' refers to the Ayurvedic term for baldness or hair loss. Bhringraj is traditionally employed in the treatment of Khalitya, highlighting its significance in addressing hair-related concerns. This underscores the plant's reputation as a herbal remedy within the domain of Ayurvedic medicine for preserving hair health.
10) Family:
'Family' in botanical classification refers to a taxonomic rank used to group similar plants. Eclipta alba belongs to the Asteraceae family, which contains numerous herbaceous plants known for their varied applications in herbal medicine. Understanding the family classification emphasizes the interconnectedness of plant species and aids in their identification and usage.
11) Powder:
The term 'Powder' refers to the ground form of herbal substances used in Ayurvedic medicine, allowing for easy dosage and administration. For Bhringraj, powder can be prepared from the dried leaves or stems for use in various formulations, enhancing its efficacy and making it more accessible for therapeutic applications.
12) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' relates to the study of drug action and how substances affect biological systems. Bhringraj’s pharmacological data, including its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, is crucial for justifying its traditional uses with scientific backing. This information aids in developing evidence-based applications for herbal remedies.
13) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is an ancient Indian system of medicine that promotes holistic health through natural means. It emphasizes balance among bodily systems and the use of herbs like Bhringraj for promoting wellness. Understanding Ayurveda is vital for harnessing traditional wisdom and integrating it into modern healthcare practices.
14) Medicine:
'Medicines' denote substances used for treating or preventing diseases. The classification of herbs as medicines, including Bhringraj, highlights the integral role of natural substances in promoting health and managing illnesses in both traditional and modern healthcare practices.
15) Lepa:
'Lepa' refers to a paste or ointment made from herbs applied to the skin for therapeutic purposes. Bhringraj is utilized in Lepa formulations to treat skin ailments and enhance hair health. The practice of applying Lepa illustrates the significance of topical treatments in Ayurvedic medicine.
16) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
In Ayurveda, 'Rasayana' refers to rejuvenation therapy aimed at promoting longevity and vitality. Bhringraj is considered a Rasayana herb, known for its benefits in enhancing life quality and vitality, promoting overall wellness. Recognizing its Rasayana properties places Bhringraj in a category of vital herbs for health.
17) India:
'India' signifies the geographical origin of Bhringraj and its rich tradition of using herbal medicine. The diverse flora of India provides extensive resources for Ayurvedic practitioners, and Eclipta alba exemplifies how traditional healing practices are deeply rooted in Indian culture and sustainable health practices.
18) Pappu:
'Pappu' in Ayurveda refers to the hair-like structures found in certain flowers, particularly in the context of the Asteraceae family. Understanding these structures can enhance botanical studies and contribute to identifying various species, furthering research and applications in herbal medicine.
19) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
'Dravyaguna' is a branch of Ayurveda focusing on the study of medicinal properties of herbs. It involves understanding the qualities, effects, and therapeutic uses of plants like Bhringraj. Knowledge of Dravyaguna is essential for effective practice in identifying and utilizing herbs for various health concerns.
20) Bhringa (Bhrnga, Bhrimga):
'Bhringa' denotes a reference to a 'bee' in Sanskrit, often associated with vigor and growth. This association is pertinent to Bhringraj, symbolizing vitality and enhancing its applications in promoting healthy hair and skin, addressing traditional associations with growth and life.
21) Species:
In biological classification, 'Species' describes a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. Eclipta alba is a specific species within the Asteraceae family recognized for its medicinal properties. Identifying plant species helps in effective classification and utilization in herbal therapeutics.
22) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' refers to chemical compounds derived from plants that may possess health benefits. Bhringraj contains various phytochemicals, such as wedelolactone and flavonoids, which contribute to its healing properties. Understanding phytochemicals is crucial for substantiating traditional plant uses in modern pharmacology.
23) Triphaladi (Triphala-adi):
Triphaladi refers to a formulation in Ayurveda involving multiple herbs that are traditionally combined for enhancing efficacy. Bhringraj may be included in such formulations for its therapeutic benefits, showcasing the significance of synergistic herb combinations in Ayurvedic practices.
24) Shiroroga (Siroroga, Shiras-roga):
'Shiroroga' signifies ailments related to the head, especially conditions like headaches or migraines addressed in Ayurvedic texts. Bhringraj's usage for such conditions illustrates its versatility and relevance in treating specific types of ailments within the Ayurvedic paradigm.
25) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' in this context highlights the importance of understanding traditional medicinal practices, plant properties, and therapeutic applications. In Ayurveda, cultivating knowledge is essential for practitioners to effectively utilize plants like Bhringraj in promoting health and well-being in their patients.
26) Samhita:
'Samhitas' refer to classical texts in Ayurveda that compile traditional knowledge of herbs and treatments. The incorporation of Bhringraj in various Samhitas underscores its longstanding significance in Ayurvedic healing practices.
27) Disease:
'Diseases' signify disruptions in the normal physiological processes of the body. Bhringraj is noted for treating multiple diseases, particularly related to the liver and hair health, exemplifying its role in holistic healing practices.
28) Keshya (Kesya):
'Keshya' refers to the Ayurvedic classification of substances that are effective for hair health. Bhringraj is well known for its Keshya properties, widely utilized in remedies aimed at enhancing hair vitality and supporting growth, highlighting its significance in beauty and wellness in Ayurveda.
29) Dhanvantarinighantu (Dhanvantari-nighantu):
This term refers to a specific Nighantu or compendium that includes references to various medicinal plants. The Dhanvantari-nighantu is important for practitioners to understand the properties and usage of plants like Bhringraj, thereby enhancing their therapeutic applications.
30) Karviradivarga (Karviradi-varga):
'Karviradi-varga' pertains to a classification grouping several medicinal plants, highlighting their shared properties or applications. Recognizing such groupings aids Ayurvedic practitioners in effectively identifying and utilizing various plants for treatment, including the beneficial uses of Bhringraj.
31) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to injury or infection characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Bhringraj is noted for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it applicable for conditions involving inflammation and thus, vital in therapeutic formulations targeting such health issues.
32) Dhanvantari (Dhanvamtari):
Dhanvantari is revered in Ayurveda as the deity of medicine and a physician to the gods. This significance underscores the deep roots of herbal medicine in Indian culture and the reliance on divine knowledge for understanding and utilizing plants like Bhringraj in healing practices.
33) Kalpasthana (Kalpa-sthana):
'Kalpasthana' refers to a section of Ayurvedic texts that deals with formulations and recipes for medicines. Bhringraj features in Kalpasthanas, allowing practitioners to create effective remedies based on traditional recipes, further emphasizing the importance of formulary knowledge in herbal medicine.
34) Karviradi (Karvira-adi):
Karviradi refers to a specific group of medicinal plants classified in Ayurveda. This classification aids practitioners in identifying and utilizing various herbs effectively. Recognizing such groupings ensures accurate applications in treatment modalities, including those that may feature Bhringraj.
35) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
'Tridosha' represents the three biological energies (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in Ayurveda that govern physiological functions. Understanding Tridosha is essential for balance in health, and Bhringraj is valued for its ability to harmonize these energies, further enhancing its therapeutic relevance.
36) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to the eight-fold path of knowledge in Ayurveda, encompassing various aspects of healing. The path encourages holistic understanding of health and wellness, and herbal medicines like Bhringraj play a significant role in adhering to these principles of care.
37) Snuhyadi:
'Snuhyadi' denotes a group of formulations or medicinal preparations in Ayurveda that include specific herbs tailored for particular ailments. Bhringraj's inclusion in Snuhyadi preparations underlines its versatility and importance in addressing diverse health conditions effectively.
38) Kalpana:
'Kalpanas' denote preparations or formulations in Ayurveda derived from herbs. The classification of Bhringraj in Kalpanas enhances knowledge about its specific applications and methods of preparation for effective treatment in traditional medicine.
39) Bhangra:
Bhangra denotes a vernacular name for Eclipta alba in various regions, signifying the plant's cultural significance. Recognizing local names enriches the understanding of the plant's importance across diverse communities, aiding in its application and reverence within local traditional practices.
40) Habitat:
'Habitat' defines the natural environment where a plant species grows. Bhringraj thrives in various habitats across India, primarily in moist and disturbed areas. Acknowledging its habitat helps ensure sustainable harvesting and effective environmental management practices.
41) Vaidya:
'Vaidya' refers to an Ayurvedic practitioner or healer specializing in traditional medicine. The role of Vaidyas is critical for assessing patients and recommending appropriate treatments, such as those derived from Bhringraj, thereby ensuring traditional knowledge is effectively transmitted in healthcare.
42) Keshari (Kesari, Kesha-ari):
'Kesari' serves as a synonym or vernacular name associated with various herbs, emphasizing its regional significance. Such terminologies bolster understanding of local practices centered around plants like Bhringraj, reinforcing their cultural relevance.
43) Insect:
'Insects' are vital components of ecological systems and often interact with plants. Understanding how Bhringraj engages with insects can provide insight into its pollination strategies and ecological significance, contributing to biodiversity.
44) Karma (Karman):
In Ayurvedic contexts, 'Karma' refers to actions and their effects on health and wellness. The therapeutic use of Bhringraj can be seen as a form of 'Karma' intended to restore balance, reflecting the interconnectedness of actions and health outcomes in holistic healing practices.
45) Nasya (Nashya):
'Nasya' refers to a therapeutic nasal administration technique used in Ayurveda for delivering herbal substances directly to the sinus region. Bhringraj, when used in Nasya therapies, showcases its versatility and numerous application modalities in Ayurvedic treatments.
46) Laghu:
'Laghu' signifies lightness in Ayurvedic terminology, often referring to substances that are easy to digest or quick-acting. The classification of herbs like Bhringraj as Laghu underscores their ideal properties for specific therapeutic applications, making them suitable for particular health conditions.
47) Water:
'Water' is critical for life and is often used in Ayurvedic medicine for making decoctions and infusions. In the context of Bhringraj, water-based preparations enhance the accessibility and efficacy of its medicinal properties, emphasizing its importance in therapeutic formulations.
48) Ulcer:
'Ulcer' refers to a sore that develops on the lining of organs, commonly the stomach. Bhringraj is noted for its anti-ulcer properties, linking its use to managing digestive disorders and promoting gastrointestinal health in patients.
49) Table:
'Table' indicates the method of organizing data clearly, often used in research. In the study of Bhringraj and its components, tables can present key information about pharmacological effects and other significant findings, facilitating better understanding and comparison.
50) Blood:
'Blood' signifies a vital fluid that plays essential roles in transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Bhringraj has been studied for its effect on various blood parameters, showing potential benefits in treating blood-related disorders within the Ayurvedic paradigm.
51) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to systematic investigations into a subject to gather knowledge. Numerous studies on Bhringraj highlight its medicinal properties and therapeutic potential, enhancing our understanding of its applications in contemporary herbal medicine contexts.
52) Kasa (Kasha):
'Kasa' refers to cough or respiratory issues outlined in Ayurvedic texts. Bhringraj is recognized for its effectiveness in treating respiratory ailments, underscoring its relevance in managing conditions characterized by cough and other breathing concerns.
53) Kala:
'Kala' denotes a period or stage in Ayurvedic terminology. The identification of various Kalas in treatments using Bhringraj exemplifies the importance of timing and the right conditions for effective therapeutic interventions in Ayurveda.
54) Shirorogacikitsa (Sirorogacikitsa, Shiroroga-cikitsa):
'Shiroroga-chikitsa' encompasses treatments targeting head-related disorders. Bhringraj’s use in these contexts relates to its efficacy in addressing issues like headaches or scalp problems, showcasing its role in holistic healing practices focusing on the head.
55) Western India:
'Western India' indicates the geographical region where traditional practices and recognition of plants like Bhringraj are prominent. Understanding regional variations in the use of herbal medicine enriches the exploration of Bhringraj's applications in different cultural contexts.
56) Common People (Common Folk):
'Common Folk' refers to the general population's use of traditional and herbal remedies. The involvement of common folk in utilizing Bhringraj emphasizes its accessibility and significance in everyday health practices that rely on local herbal knowledge.
57) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
'Ashtanga-sangraha' refers to a classical Ayurvedic text that compiles essential knowledge on healing practices. The relevance of Bhringraj in such texts reinforces its historical significance and therapeutic properties documented in traditional Ayurvedic literature.
58) Rasayanadhikara (Rasayana-adhikara):
'Rasayanadhikara' highlights teachings related to rejuvenation treatments in Ayurveda. Bhringraj's designation as a Rasayana herb signifies its importance in promoting health and longevity, linking it to essential Ayurveda principles and practices focused on vitality.
59) Tailakalpana (Taila-kalpana):
'Taila-kalpana' relates to the formulations and methods for preparing oils in Ayurveda. Understanding the processes involved in Taila-kalpana ensures the effective application of plants like Bhringraj in medicated oil formulations for various health concerns.
60) Atharvaveda (Atharva-Veda):
'Atharva-Veda' is one of the four ancient Vedas encompassing knowledge on health and healing. References to Bhringraj in the Atharva-Veda underscore its cultural significance and traditional applications, integrating spiritual and medicinal understanding in ancient Indian practices.
61) Civilization:
'Civilization' refers to the societal framework wherein traditional practices like Ayurveda are cultivated. The rich history of herbal medicine in Indian civilization reflects the cultural value placed on plants such as Bhringraj for their medicinal benefits.
62) Kalobhangro:
'Kalobhangro' is a regional name for Eclipta alba that may signify its importance within local traditions or practices in specific communities. Recognizing such names enhances cultural appreciation and understanding of local herbal medicine practices associated with Bhringraj.
63) Alleviation:
'Alleviation' refers to the reduction of severity in symptoms or conditions. Bhringraj is often used for the alleviation of various health issues, reinforcing its role in traditional medicine in providing relief from ailments, thereby enhancing overall wellness.
64) Suryavarta (Surya-avarta):
'Suryavarta' is likely a vernacular name for a specific form of Eclipta alba or a closely related plant, emphasizing its cultural relevance. Understanding local terminologies enriches the knowledge of traditional applications and recognition of its medicinal properties.
65) Kushtharoga (Kustharoga, Kushtha-roga):
'Kustharoga' refers to skin diseases or conditions in Ayurvedic texts. Bhringraj is widely recognized for its application in treating various skin ailments, showcasing its therapeutic relevance in managing dermatological issues.
66) Science (Scientific):
'Science' signifies the systematic study of life and health. The exploration of Bhringraj through scientific investigation helps validate traditional uses, linking empirical evidence with age-old wisdom in herbal medicine.
67) Substance:
'Substance' encapsulates the material properties of an item, particularly in herbal medicine. As a substance, Bhringraj has valuable therapeutic properties define its therapeutic applications and efficacy in treating specific health concerns.
68) Vishaghna (Visaghna, Visha-ghna):
'Vishaghna' indicates substances or treatments aimed at alleviating the effects of toxins or poisons. Bhringraj's mention in the context of Vishaghna demonstrates its application in detoxifying treatments and protective measures against damage caused by harmful substances.
69) Haripriya (Hari-priya):
'Haripriya' likely refers to a name or synonym recognized in specific regional contexts for Bhringraj. Such terms help map the herboratory usage and cultural significance of plants across various localities, enhancing our understanding of their applications.
70) Mahanimba (Maha-nimba):
'Mahanimba' is a synonym for a herbal species, possibly tied to the Asteraceae family like Bhringraj. The names assigned to different species signify their role in traditional healing practices and enhance the cultural significance attributed to their use.
71) Akshiroga (Aksiroga, Akshi-roga):
'Akshiroga' refers to ailments or conditions related to the eyes in Ayurvedic terminology. Bhringraj’s traditional use in treatments for eye conditions showcases its relevance in holistic approaches to addressing visual health.
72) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
'Bhaisajya' refers to medicines or therapeutic substances used in Ayurveda. Bhringraj fits within this classification due to its established uses in herbal medicine, emphasizing the importance of plants in traditional therapeutic practices.
73) Ravipriya (Ravi-priya):
'Ravipriya' denotes a particular variety or synonym of a plant, emphasizing local usage or preferences. Such names enhance the understanding of herbs like Bhringraj in specific communities, underlining the cultural significance embodied in these terminologies.
74) Flavonoid:
'Flavonoid' refers to a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Bhringraj’s content of flavonoids contributes to its medicinal properties, underscoring the importance of these compounds in enhancing health outcomes in traditional practices.
75) Himalaya (Hima-alaya):
'Himalaya' again highlights the geographic significance of the habitat for Bhringraj and many other medicinal plants, affirming the role of specific locations in providing vital resources for traditional healing practices.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 144]
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