Formulation and evaluation of liposomes containing famotidine
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of liposomes containing famotidine
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Biresh K Sarkar, Maddi Ramaiah, Manish Devgan, Y.Ankamma chowdary
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of liposomes containing famotidine
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The formulation and evaluation of liposomes containing Famotidine are presented in this study, highlighting the importance of liposomes as effective drug delivery systems. Liposomes are defined as spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate an aqueous compartment and have sizes ranging from 25 to 5000 nm. The research focuses on developing liposomal formulations of Famotidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used in treating various gastric-related conditions. The study assesses drug entrapment, surface characterization, and in vitro drug release, using the film hydration technique to prepare the liposomes.
Drug Entrapment Efficiency
One of the critical assessments in the study was the drug entrapment efficiency of the liposomes. The research found that the entrapment efficiency ranged from 77% to 89%. This high entrapment efficiency indicates that the formulations are capable of retaining a significant amount of the drug, which is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy. The evaluation demonstrated that varying the proportions of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in the formulations influences the ability of the liposomes to encapsulate Famotidine. This factor is essential in optimizing liposomal formulations for clinical applications.
In Vitro Drug Release Characteristics
The in vitro drug release studies employed the United States Pharmacopoeia basket-type dissolution apparatus to assess how the liposomal formulation of Famotidine would behave in physiological conditions. The results indicated a sustained release profile over an 8-hour period, with varying release rates among different formulations. Specifically, the formulation with the highest cholesterol content (L4) exhibited an 80% release after 8 hours. This controlled release was attributed to diffusion-controlled mechanisms, making it a significant advancement in overcoming the solubility issues associated with Famotidine.
Surface Characterization and Morphology
Surface characterization of the prepared liposomes was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provided insights into their morphology. The SEM analysis revealed uniform spherical shapes with optimum size ranges, suggesting that the liposomal formulations were well-prepared and stable. This characterization is vital because the size and shape of liposomes can greatly impact their drug delivery capabilities, influencing factors such as bioavailability and targeting efficiency.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study successfully developed and evaluated liposomal formulations of Famotidine. The results underscore the relationship between lipid composition and drug release profiles, indicating that higher cholesterol concentrations enhance the rigidity of the liposomal bilayer, leading to improved controlled release. The ability of these formulations to provide a more uniform release profile positions them as a promising approach for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of Famotidine, paving the way for further research and potential clinical applications in drug delivery systems.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are liposomes and their key characteristics in drug delivery?
Liposomes are spherical vesicles of lipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous compartment, ranging from 25 to 5000 nm. They can be tailored with different sizes, charges, and drug retention properties for targeted delivery of drugs, genes, and vaccines.
What is the purpose of formulating Famotidine into liposomes?
Formulating Famotidine into liposomes aims to enhance its pharmacokinetic profile, addressing its low bioavailability and short biological half-life, resulting in improved drug release characteristics.
How were the liposomes containing Famotidine prepared in the study?
Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration technique with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in various ratios. The solvents were evaporated, followed by hydration of the resulting thin film to form the liposomes.
What evaluation methods were used for the liposomal formulations?
Liposomal formulations were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, surface characterization through SEM studies, and in vitro drug release using a dissolution rate test apparatus.
What were the results of the in vitro drug release studies?
The in vitro drug release studies showed sustained release profiles, with L4 exhibiting 80% and L1 showing 62% drug release over an 8-hour period, demonstrating a diffusion-controlled release mechanism.
What conclusion was drawn about the formulation's effectiveness with cholesterol?
Higher cholesterol concentrations in liposomal formulations led to increased bilayer rigidity, resulting in better controlled release of Famotidine, indicating that the chosen formulation was effective for achieving a uniform release profile.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淔ormulation and evaluation of liposomes containing famotidine鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to a biochemical substance used for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, or cure of diseases. In this context, Famotidine is the drug being formulated into liposomes. Its effectiveness and deliverability are critical for achieving desired therapeutic outcomes, particularly in gastroenterological conditions.
2) India:
India is highlighted as the geographic setting for the research conducted on liposomal formulations of Famotidine. The collaboration between various educational and pharmaceutical institutions in India illustrates the country鈥檚 contributions to pharmaceutical research and development, reflecting the global nature of modern pharmaceutical innovation and collaboration.
3) Surface:
The word 'Surface' in this context pertains to surface characterization studies conducted on the liposomes. Surface properties influence drug release, stability, and interactions with biological membranes, thereby significantly impacting the efficiency of drug delivery systems in pharmaceuticals. The study of surface morphology helps optimize liposome formulation.
4) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' represents the systematic investigation into the formulation and evaluation of liposomes as drug delivery systems. It implies both laboratory and analytical methodologies applied to understanding the behavior and effectiveness of Famotidine in a liposomal form, contributing to advancements in pharmaceutical sciences.
5) Table:
The 'Table' in the document is used to organize and present data regarding the compositions of the liposomal formulations. It serves as a reference for understanding the specific ratios of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol utilized, allowing for a clear comparison of variables affecting liposome characteristics and drug release profiles.
6) Road:
'Road' refers to Moti Bagh Road, where one of the research institutions is located. It emphasizes the specific geographical context of the study and links the research to its institutional base. Such details enhance the transparency of the research infrastructure supporting the study.
7) Medium:
'Medium' often refers to the physiological solution or environment in which the drug release studies were conducted. In this context, it clarifies the specific dissolution medium (0.1 mol HCl, pH 1.2) used, which is crucial in mimicking gastric conditions for evaluating the drug's release and bioavailability.
8) Ulcer:
The term 'Ulcer' is relevant as it indicates the primary condition for which Famotidine is prescribed, highlighting the therapeutic purpose of the study. The efficacy of the liposomal formulation in providing targeted and sustained release could significantly improve treatment outcomes for patients suffering from gastric and duodenal ulcers.
9) Bagh:
'Bagh' is part of the name Moti Bagh Road, contributing to the location context of the research institution. Specific geographic indicators, like 'Bagh,' not only provide clarity about where the study is based but also reflect on the integration of local resources in advancing pharmaceutical research.
10) Discussion:
The word 'Discussion' indicates a section where findings are interpreted and implications of the study are explored. This part is essential for contextualizing results, evaluating the significance of the data collected, and discussing the potential impact of the liposomal formulations on improving Famotidine delivery in clinical settings.
11) Collecting:
The term 'Collecting' refers to the process of gathering data or samples during the experimental phase. In the study, it pertains to the aggregation of supernatants after centrifugation, which is essential for quantifying drug entrapment efficiency in the liposomes, reflecting the robustness of the analytical approach.
12) Amaravati (Amar膩vati, Amar膩vat墨, Amaravat墨):
'Amaravathi' identifies a specific location in A.P., India, where one of the collaborating institutions is situated. It signifies the regional aspect of the research, highlighting the collaborative efforts of local educational initiatives in pharmaceutical research and development aimed at improving health outcomes.
13) Krishna (K峁涐梗峁嚹�, K峁涐梗峁嘺):
The name 'Krishna' indicates another regional aspect relevant to the research participants. Along with Amaravathi, it underscores a trend of educational institutions contributing to pharmaceutical developments in specific locales, thus revealing the collaborative spirit in Indian pharmaceutical education and research.
14) Quality:
The term 'Quality' signifies the importance of maintaining high standards for the liposomal formulations prepared in the study. Evaluating the quality control parameters ensures that the formulations are effective, safe, and reliable, reinforcing the ethical standards followed in pharmaceutical research and the importance of quality assurance.
15) Disease:
The word 'Disease' refers to medical conditions, specifically gastrointestinal disorders treated by Famotidine. The link between the drug and its intended therapeutic applications is crucial for understanding the overall aim of the research study, which is focused on enhancing drug delivery systems for effective disease management.
16) Powder:
'Powder' refers to the physical form of Famotidine used in the formulation process. The crystalline powder state of the drug is relevant for its solubility and bioavailability characteristics, which are critical considerations in drug formulation, especially in the context of liposomal stabilization and delivery.
17) Life:
The term 'Life' is relevant in discussing the biological half-life of Famotidine. Improving the pharmacokinetic profile through liposomal formulation directly relates to enhancing the drug's effectiveness and sustainability in the body, thereby aiming for prolonged therapeutic effects and improved patient outcomes in managing chronic conditions.
18) Hand:
'Hand' refers to the technique of hand shaking employed in preparing liposomes. This method emphasizes a manual approach to creating the liposomes, which could influence the uniformity and effectiveness of the lipid bilayer formation, ultimately impacting the drug's release characteristics and bioavailability.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: 鈥�Formulation and evaluation of liposomes containing famotidine鈥�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Bioavailability, Research article, Controlled release, Analytical grade, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Phosphatidylcholine, Sustained release formulation, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Spectral studies, Liposomal formulation, Quality control parameter.