Non popular practises of sthanik chikitsa in different gynaecological disorders
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Non popular practises of sthanik chikitsa in different gynaecological disorders
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Gopal M Jadhav
Assistant Professor, Dept of Stree Rog Prasuti Tantra, Government Ayurved College Nanded, Maharashtra, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Non popular practises of sthanik chikitsa in different gynaecological disorders
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i1.689
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Women's health in India faces significant challenges, largely due to socio-economic factors and a prevailing secondary status in society. Various stages of a woman's life, including puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, introduce a wide array of health concerns termed Yonivyapad, denoting disorders of the female reproductive system as described in Ayurvedic texts. Despite the availability of effective local therapies known as Sthanik Chikitsa, which have been effective in managing many gynaecological disorders, these practices are often overlooked by modern practitioners and patients alike. This review seeks to explore these lesser-known practices and promote their implementation within the healthcare system.
Effectiveness of Sthanik Chikitsa
One of the key features of Ayurvedic medicine is the use of local therapeutic modalities called Sthanik Chikitsa, which includes treatments such as vaginal douches (Yonidhavana), medicated pastes (Kalka Dharana), and other localized therapies. These methods target specific conditions affecting the female reproductive system, providing effective relief from symptoms while also addressing underlying causes. For instance, Yonidhavana utilizes medicated decoctions to treat infections and maintain vaginal health by restoring acidic pH and reducing inflammation. The efficacy of these practices is notable; studies indicate high success rates in treating conditions such as Shweta Pradara (leucorrhea) and related ailments using these ancient techniques.
Understanding Yonivyapad
The concept of Yonivyapad encompasses a variety of disorders affecting the female genital tract, with recognized causes ranging from lifestyle factors to anatomical anomalies. Ayurvedic texts outline around twenty distinct disorders that fall under this umbrella, with symptoms varying from menstrual irregularities to infections and subfertility. Factors contributing to these conditions include faulty diet, genetic predispositions, and improper coital practices. Treatments focus on correcting both the symptoms and root causes through a combination of dietary modifications, herbal remedies, and local therapies, illustrating the holistic approach of Ayurveda in addressing women's health issues.
Conclusion
The incorporation of Sthanik Chikitsa into mainstream healthcare, especially in primary health settings, can significantly enhance the management of gynaecological disorders. These traditional therapies not only offer non-invasive options for treatment but also align with the current trend of integrating holistic therapies into modern medicine. By promoting awareness and training in these practices among healthcare providers, there lies the potential for improved health outcomes for women, establishing a more comprehensive and effective approach to women's health management in India.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the main gynaecological disorders outlined in Ayurvedic texts?
Ayurvedic texts describe twenty types of gynaecological disorders, collectively known as Yonivyapad, which include conditions related to irregular menstruation, infections, anatomical defects, and other reproductive system ailments affecting women's health.
What are Sthanik Chikitsa and its significance in gynaecology?
Sthanik Chikitsa refers to local Ayurvedic therapies that provide relief in gynaecological disorders. These methods, such as Uttarbasti and Dhavan, are effective but often overlooked in practice, highlighting a need for their promotion in women’s health management.
Why are traditional Ayurvedic practices underutilized in modern healthcare systems?
Traditional Ayurvedic practices are underutilized due to a lack of awareness and training among practitioners. Additionally, modern healthcare often favors surgical interventions over non-invasive Ayurvedic techniques, which can effectively address various women's health issues.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Non popular practises of sthanik chikitsa in different gynaecological disorders�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
According to Madhav Nidana, pain is derived from the irritation of Sandnyavaha Nadi and is caused chiefly by Vata. Pain is a common symptom in many Yonivyapadas, such as Udavarta, where it manifests as severe dysmenorrhoea, and in Vataja Yonivyapad, where it results in pelvic congestion and lower abdominal discomfort.
2) Disease:
Yonivyapad refers to diseases of the female reproductive system and encompasses conditions like infections, anatomical defects, and inflammatory issues. These diseases show a range of symptoms, from menstrual irregularities to various forms of discharge and pain, affecting women's health extensively.
3) Kalka:
[see source text or glossary: Kalka]
4) Yoni (Yonin):
Yoni in Ayurvedic texts refers to the female reproductive system, including the vagina, cervix, and uterus. Yoni has three circular compartments called Avartas. Treatments like Yoni Dhavan and Yoni Parisheka focus on cleansing and treating this area to maintain reproductive health.
5) Picu:
Pichu Dharan involves placing a tampon of medicated oil inside the vaginal canal. This local therapy helps alleviate symptoms such as vaginal burning and itching while also aiding the removal of discharges through osmosis, making it effective in conditions like Shweta pradara.
6) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is used in Yonidhavana as a medicated decoction for vaginal douches. It helps restore the vaginal pH, has antimicrobial properties, and reduces infections and inflammations. It is particularly effective in managing conditions like Karnini yonivyapad and Shweta pradara.
7) Varti (Vartin):
[see source text or glossary: Varti]
8) Vata:
Vata dosha is considered a major factor in the causation of Yonivyapada. Vitiation of Vata leads to conditions such as Udavarta, marked by severe dysmenorrhea. Treatments targeting Vata can include therapies like Basti and Pichu Dharan, aiming to balance this dosha.
9) Garbhashaya (Garbhasaya, Garbha-ashaya):
[see source text or glossary: Garbhasaya]
10) Vitiation (Vitiated):
[see source text or glossary: Vitiation]
11) Dharana:
In Kalka Dharana, a medicated paste is placed inside the vagina to provide longer-acting relief from pain and infections. This treatment is more beneficial than douche methods for prolonged drug action, making it suitable for conditions like Vataja yonivyapad.
12) Blood:
[see source text or glossary: Blood]
13) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
Dysmenorrhoea, severe menstrual pain, is a symptom of conditions like Udavarta. Management involves treatments targeting Vata dosha and incorporating therapies like Dashmul siddha kshirbasti, which has shown significant pain relief during post-treatment cycles.
14) Irritation:
[see source text or glossary: Irritation]
15) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga, or oil massage, is utilized as a local therapy in Sthanik Chikitsa. It helps improve blood circulation and reduces pain and inflammatory conditions in the reproductive system. This method is beneficial in managing various Yonivyapadas.
16) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
17) Garbha:
[see source text or glossary: Garbha]
18) Artava:
Artava refers to menstrual blood and ovum in Ayurvedic texts. Disorders stemming from abnormal Artava, such as Amenorrhoea (Arajaska), impact menstrual health and require treatments addressing the specific doshas and restoring the balance in Artava vaha strotas.
19) Avarta:
Avarta refers to the three compartments of the Yoni. The first Avarta resembles the vagina, the second Avarta refers to the cervix, and the third Avarta denotes the uterus. Understanding these is crucial for targeted treatments in Ayurvedic gynecology.
20) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) are fundamental in Ayurvedic medicine. Vitiation of these doshas causes various Yonivyapadas. Treatments aim to balance the doshas through dietary changes, herbal medicines, and local therapies like Yonidhavana and Uttarbasti.
21) Basti:
Basti Chikitsa involves administering medicated enemas. It is effective in alleviating gynecological disorders, menstrual irregularities, and pelvic congestion by relieving chronic constipation and reducing parasympathetic irritation affecting the uterus.
22) Menstrual blood:
[see source text or glossary: Menstrual blood]
23) Garbhashayya (Garbhasayya, Garbha-shayya):
[see source text or glossary: Garbhashayya]
24) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
[see source text or glossary: Maharashtra]
25) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medicinal system, encompasses holistic treatment approaches for various disorders, including gynecological conditions. It integrates therapies like Sthanik Chikitsa, which are effective for managing Yonivyapadas through balancing doshas and enhancing reproductive health.
26) Udavarta:
Udavarta Yonivyapad is characterized by severe dysmenorrhea. Treatments like Dashmul siddha kshirbasti are administered to relieve spasmodic pain and backache. This condition denotes the upward movement of Vata leading to menstrual pain.
27) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]
28) Prasuti:
[see source text or glossary: Prasuti]
29) Pradara:
Shweta pradara refers to leucorrhea or white discharge. Local therapies like Triphala quath yonidhavan and Madhuyukta varti are effective in treating this condition by restoring vaginal acidity and reducing infections and itching.
30) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshar Pratisaran involves using alkaline substances for chemical cauterization. It is particularly useful for treating cervical erosion but requires complementary treatments like Yonidhavan for complete healing and must be preceded by PAP smear tests.
31) Srotas (Shrotas):
[see source text or glossary: Srotas]
32) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja Yonivyapad includes disorders caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha. Symptoms include varying types of pain and abnormal discharges. Local therapies like Varti, Pichu Dharan, and certain herbal decoctions are part of the comprehensive treatment.
33) Indian:
Indian women face unique socio-economic challenges that often lead to neglected health issues. Ayurveda offers culturally appropriate and accessible solutions for managing these health concerns, particularly in gynecological disorders.
34) Pitta:
Pitta dosha, when imbalanced, contributes to conditions like Asrink and Arajaska Yonivyapad, manifested by heavy menstrual bleeding and oligo/amenorrhea. Treatments target balancing Pitta through dietary changes and specific aushadhis.
35) Mukha:
[see source text or glossary: Mukha]
36) Dhatu:
[see source text or glossary: Dhatu]
37) Vaha:
Artava Vaha Srotas refers to the channels responsible for the secretion, storage, and transportation of menstrual blood and ovum. Disorders in these channels, due to vitiation of doshas, cause various gynecological conditions needing targeted therapies.
38) Diet:
Faulty diet and lifestyle are common causes of Yonivyapad. Maintaining a balanced diet aligned with Ayurvedic principles is crucial in preventing and managing these disorders. Diet modifications often accompany herbal treatments and local therapies.
39) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
40) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is the Ayurvedic branch involving surgical interventions. Procedures like Kshar Pratisaran for cervical erosion fall under this category. Ayurvedic texts advocate referring certain conditions, such as large fibroids or anatomical defects, for surgical correction.
41) Tuberculosis:
[see source text or glossary: Tuberculosis]
42) Dhanvantari (Dhanvamtari):
[see source text or glossary: Dhanvantari]
43) Pratisharana (Pratisarana):
Kshar Pratisaran is employed in chemical cauterization treatments for conditions like cervical erosion. This procedure involves applying alkaline substances such as Yavakshara to the affected area and is part of Ayurvedic Shalya Tantra.
44) Vandhyatva:
Vandhyatva refers to infertility, involving issues like premature cessation of menstrual cycles and failure of ovulation. Treatment strategies in Ayurveda may include Uttarbasti and other local therapies alongside herbal remedies to restore reproductive health.
45) Yavakshara (Yava-kshara, Yavaksara):
[see source text or glossary: Yavakshara]
46) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Pittadosha]
47) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
48) Parisheka (Pariseka):
Yoni Parishek involves pouring medicated decoction on external genital lesions. This therapy is useful for unmarried women and conditions with external symptoms. It provides pain relief and helps in healing external wounds, such as post-episiotomy care.
49) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]
50) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is one of the ancient Ayurvedic sages whose texts contribute significantly to the understanding of female reproductive health. His work provides insights into the anatomy of Yoni, therapeutic methods, and the classification of Yonivyapadas.
51) Kashmari (Kasmari):
[see source text or glossary: Kashmari]
52) Garbhini:
[see source text or glossary: Garbhini]
53) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
[see source text or glossary: Aushadhi]
54) Vomiting:
[see source text or glossary: Vomiting]
55) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]
56) Kshetra (Ksetra):
[see source text or glossary: Kshetra]
57) Guggulu:
[see source text or glossary: Guggulu]
58) Granthi (Gramthi):
[see source text or glossary: Granthi]
59) Shushka (Suska):
Shushka Yonivyapad involves vaginal dryness and pain due to suppression of natural urges during the fertile period. Treatment includes local applications and systemic measures to restore moisture and balance Vata, easing symptoms of dyspareunia.
60) Prakopa:
[see source text or glossary: Prakopa]
61) Gomutra (Go-mutra):
Gomutra (cow urine) is used in combination with other substances like Triphala and Takra for vaginal douches (Yonidhavan). Its antimicrobial properties help manage infections and restore vaginal pH, crucial for treating conditions like Acharana.
62) Vandhya (Vamdhya):
Vandhya denotes infertility and is characterized by the failure of regular ovulation or cessation of menstrual cycles. Treatments in Ayurveda aim to address the underlying causes whether anatomical, physiological, or doshic imbalances.
63) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
[see source text or glossary: Shandhi]
64) Kashaya (Kasaya):
[see source text or glossary: Kashaya]
65) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Pittaja]
66) Shankha (Sankha, Samkha, Shamkha):
[see source text or glossary: Shankha]
67) Dhavana:
Yonidhavana is the vaginal douche utilizing medicated decoctions. It serves functions like reducing pain, cleaning discharge, and maintaining acidic vaginal pH which is effective in treating infections and inflammatory conditions.
68) Siddha:
[see source text or glossary: Siddha]
69) Kukshi (Kuksi):
[see source text or glossary: Kukshi]
70) Purana:
[see source text or glossary: Purana]
71) Ghrita (Ghrta):
[see source text or glossary: Ghrita]
72) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya, or surgical practices in Ayurveda, are crucial for treating certain gynecological conditions that cannot be managed with medication alone. Shalya Tantra includes procedures like Kshar Pratisaran and other surgical interventions.
73) Shukra (Sukra):
[see source text or glossary: Shukra]
74) Arbuda:
[see source text or glossary: Arbuda]
75) Nidana:
Madhav Nidana provides diagnostic criteria and etiology for various Yonivyapadas. It emphasizes treatment principles like Panchkarma and local therapies to manage gynecological disorders effectively through the understanding of symptoms and underlying doshas.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 96]
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