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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Buerger’s disease –treatment with ayurveda: case study�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
Disease is a state of health where the body does not function properly. In the text, Buerger’s disease is discussed, which affects blood vessels, leading to severe pain, ulcers, and possible gangrene. This disease is associated mainly with chronic smoking and has symptoms that indicate severe vascular issues.

2) Pain:
Pain is a critical symptom associated with Buerger's disease, starting initially during walking and becoming continuous even at rest as the disease progresses. It is also a major complaint from the case study patient who suffered from severe pain in the lower limb due to an ulcer caused by amputation.

3) Blood:
Blood is central to Buerger’s disease due to the formation of clots and obstruction of blood vessels. The Ayurvedic perspective describes an imbalance in elements such as 'Rakta,' i.e., blood, which contributes to the pathology of the disease and thus guiding treatment approaches through purification and enhancement of blood flow.

4) Patanjali:
Patanjali refers to the Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan evum Anusandhan Sansthan in Haridwar, where the Ayurvedic treatment for Buerger’s disease case study was conducted. Patanjali Ayurved Hospital provided alternative complementary therapies such as leech application and Ayurvedic oral and topical medications.

5) Ulcer:
Ulcer is a key feature in the case study of Buerger’s disease. The patient had a non-healing ulcer on his right foot after the amputation of toes. Ayurvedic treatments, including leech therapy and herbal applications, significantly helped in reducing the ulcer and promoting healing.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine from India used to treat Buerger's disease as per the case study. It involves oral drugs, topical applications, and leech therapy. The Ayurvedic treatment aims to balance doshas, reduce inflammation, and improve overall health and blood circulation.

7) Swelling:
Swelling is a symptom that appeared in the case study patient suffering from Buerger’s disease. The treatment included the use of Dashmoolkwath, which helps to reduce swelling as one of its effects. The case showed significant reduction in swelling after leech therapy sessions.

8) Rathore:
Rathore Garima is one of the main authors of the study and a PG Scholar in the Department of Shalya tantra at Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan evum Anusandhan Sansthan. This indicates her role in the diagnosis and treatment planning for the Buerger’s disease case study discussed.

9) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya refers to the field of surgical intervention in Ayurveda. In the context of the document, the patient was treated in the Shalya tantra department which signifies the use of surgical and parasurgical techniques within Ayurveda, including leech therapy used for treating Buerger’s disease.

10) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three primary functional energies or factors in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. In Buerger’s disease, the imbalance of these doshas, especially aggravated by smoking which increases Pitta and Rakta, leads to symptoms and complications addressed in Ayurvedic treatments.

11) Pulse:
Pulse is a clinical sign used to assess blood flow. In the case of Buerger's disease, pulses at various points such as the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries may be absent or weak, indicating severe vascular compromise, which was observed in the case study patient.

12) Triphalaguggulu (Triphala-guggulu):
Triphalaguggulu is an Ayurvedic formulation used in the treatment regimen described in the case study. It has anti-inflammatory properties, helps in reducing swelling, pain, foul smell, and pus discharge, and is noted for its role in healing the non-healing ulcer in Buerger’s disease.

13) Substance:
Substance refers to the bioactive components in leech saliva that contribute to therapeutic effects. Leech saliva contains more than 100 bioactive substances such as hirudin (anticoagulant) and hyaluronidase (antibiotic), which help in reducing inflammation, improving blood flow, and aiding wound healing.

14) Rakta:
Rakta is the Ayurvedic term for blood. In Buerger’s disease, smoking vitiates Pitta and Rakta, leading to vascular obstruction. Ayurvedic treatments aim at purifying the blood (Rakta) and improving blood circulation to treat vascular issues and symptoms brought about by the disease.

15) Gupta:
Gupta is a surname of some of the authors involved in the study. Specifically, Rahul Gupta and Sachin Gupta contributed to the case study and treatment of Buerger’s disease, indicating their role in researching and implementing Ayurvedic treatments within their respective expertise.

16) Drug:
Drug refers to medicinal substances used in the treatment of diseases. In the Ayurvedic treatment of Buerger’s disease, several drugs such as Arjun Ksheerpak, Dashmoolkwath, Triphalaguggulu, Neembghanavati, and Mahamanjishtadikwath were administered to manage symptoms and promote healing.

17) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is one of the symptoms experienced by the patient with Buerger’s disease. It adds to the discomfort caused by the ulcer and vascular issues. Ayurvedic treatment not only focuses on wound healing but also aims to reduce the burning sensation experienced by the patient.

18) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is the branch of Ayurveda dealing with surgery and parasurgical procedures. In the context of this case study, Shalya-tantra includes interventions such as leech therapy used to manage Buerger’s disease, aiding in symptom relief and promoting wound healing.

19) Purification:
Purification is a core concept in Ayurvedic treatment, particularly cleansing the body of toxins. In the treatment of Buerger’s disease, procedures like Triphalakwathprakshalan and Mahamanjishtaadikwath aid in blood purification and enhancing circulation, critical for healing non-healing ulcers and reducing symptoms.

20) Inflammation:
Inflammation of arterial walls is a key feature in Buerger's disease, leading to vessel obstruction and subsequent symptoms. Ayurvedic treatments like Triphalaguggulu and leech therapy work to reduce inflammation, improve blood flow, and manage the associated pain and ulceration in patients.

21) Discussion:
Discussion in this context refers to the analysis of the case study, highlighting the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments such as oral medications, leech therapies, and their alignment with traditional texts. The discussion covers procedural details, observed improvements, and future research directions.

22) Medicine:
Medicine in the context of this study refers to the Ayurvedic formulations and treatments used to manage Buerger’s disease. These include oral herbs, topical applications, and leech therapy, which work together to alleviate symptoms, promote healing, and enhance overall vascular health.

23) Gayatri:
Gayatri is one of the authors of the case study on Buerger's disease. As part of the research team at Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Gayatri contributed to the development and reporting of the Ayurvedic treatment protocols used in the case study.

24) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene is a factor contributing to the prevalence and exacerbation of Buerger’s disease. Poor hygiene practices, as mentioned, can lead to repeated injuries and infections which aggravate the condition, making proper medical and personal hygiene crucial in managing and preventing complications.

25) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra, in the Ayurvedic context, refers to the methodology and specialized techniques used in treatment. Shalya-tantra specifically refers to surgical techniques and related practices, such as leech therapy, utilized in managing complex diseases like Buerger’s disease as detailed in the case study.

26) Dipana:
Dipana refers to Ayurvedic formulations that enhance digestive fire and metabolic function. In the case of Buerger’s disease, certain medications like Aarogyavardhini Vati are used for Dipana to aid in proper digestion and the formation of healthy tissues, which indirectly supports overall healing.

27) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya in Ayurveda signifies the tissues or elements that get vitiated in disease. Buerger’s disease involves the vitiation of Rakta, and possibly other Dushya, leading to vascular blockages and symptoms such as ulcers and gangrene. Treatment focuses on correcting these imbalances for healing.

28) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya indicates medications or treatments beneficial for heart and circulation health. In the document, Arjun Ksheerpak is mentioned as 'hridya', indicating its use to improve circulation, remove atherosclerotic plaques, and enhance overall vascular health, crucial in managing Buerger’s disease.

29) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, associated with heat and metabolism. In Buerger's disease, increased Pitta (as aggravated by smoking) leads to inflammation and obstruction of blood vessels. Ayurvedic treatment aims to balance Pitta to reduce symptoms and promote healing.

30) Usma (Ushma):
Ushma refers to heat within the body. Smoking increases the body's Ushma, aggravating Pitta and Rakta, which contributes to the pathology of Buerger's disease. Ayurvedic treatment involves cooling and purifying strategies to balance Ushma and alleviate the disease symptoms.

31) Kumar:
Kumar Bislesh is another one of the assistant professors involved in the case study on Buerger’s disease. His contributions highlight the collaborative effort from faculty at Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan evum Anusandhan Sansthan towards managing the case with Ayurvedic methodologies.

32) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]

33) Fight:
Fight in this context refers to the action of Neembghanvati, an Ayurvedic medicine that acts as an antibiotic in its fight against infection. The antibacterial properties contribute to healing the ulcer by preventing or treating infections in the tissues affected by Buerger's disease.

34) Vati:
Vati refers to pill or tablet form of Ayurvedic medicine. In the treatment of Buerger's disease, medicines such as Triphalaguggulu and Aarogyavardhinivati are mentioned, indicating their usage in systemic treatment to aid in symptom management and promote healing of the ulcer.

35) Puri:
Puri as mentioned refers to Yadav Puri, Ram Nagar, Roorkee, which is part of the address for correspondence to Dr. Rathore Garima. This location is significant as part of the detailed information required for formal academic and research communications.

36) Hair:
Hair loss on the skin is a sign of Buerger's disease due to compromised blood flow and ischemia in the affected limb. The case study notes such clinical signs indicating poor vascular health necessitating treatments to improve circulation and promote tissue recovery.