An ayurvedic perspective of panduroga -a review
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: An ayurvedic perspective of panduroga -a review
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Pooja Ganeshbhai Badani
MD Scholar, Department of Basic Principles, IPGT & RA, GAU, Jamnagar
Hitesh Vyas
Associate Professor, Department of Basic Principles, IPGT & RA, GAU, Jamnagar
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: An ayurvedic perspective of panduroga -a review
Year: 2016
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Pandu Roga, or anaemia, has been recognized in Ayurvedic literature since the Vedic period. It is characterized by a deficiency in the quality or quantity of Rakta (blood) and is associated with various symptoms such as pallor of skin and mucous membranes. The ancient texts describe the pathogenesis and treatment principles for this condition, which correlates with modern understandings of anaemia as a significant global health issue. The research focuses on the etiology, clinical features, and Ayurvedic treatments for Panduroga, emphasizing the role of dietary and lifestyle factors.
The Importance of Nidana (Etiological Factors)
Nidana plays a critical role in the prevention and management of Panduroga. Ayurvedic texts categorize the causes of Panduroga into three main categories: Aharaja Nidana (diet-related), Viharaja Nidana (lifestyle-related), and Nidanarthakara Roga (diseases that contribute to Panduroga). Aharaja Nidana includes the excessive intake of certain food items that disturb the balance of body doshas, such as Kshara (alkaline substances), Amla (sour substances), and excessive use of alcohol. Viharaja Nidana pertains to detrimental lifestyle practices, including inadequate sleep, lack of exercise, and psychological stress. Understanding these etiological factors helps practitioners formulate effective preventive strategies and targeted treatments for patients suffering from Panduroga.
Treatment Approaches in Ayurveda
Ayurveda offers three principal treatment modalities for Panduroga: Daivavyapashraya (spiritual treatments), Yuktivyapashraya (rational therapies), and Satvawajya (psychological support). The focus here is primarily on Yuktivyapashraya, which includes the elimination of causative factors (Nidana Parivarjana), oleation therapy (Snehana), and the use of detoxification methods (Shodhana), such as Panchakarma procedures. Specific herbal preparations are employed to enhance blood formation, including Lauha Bhasma and Mandura Bhasma, alongside dietary recommendations that support blood health. This multifaceted approach ensures that both the symptoms and underlying causes of Panduroga are addressed comprehensively.
Conclusion
Panduroga highlights the intricate connection between diet, lifestyle, and health in Ayurvedic medicine. By understanding the multifactorial origins of the disease and employing a holistic treatment strategy, Ayurveda provides a valuable framework for managing anaemia. The emphasis on individualized care, dietary modification, and the use of herbal remedies aligns well with modern integrative approaches to health and wellness. Continued research into the mechanisms and treatments of Panduroga can enhance our understanding of anaemia and improve outcomes for those affected.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Panduroga and how is it related to anaemia?
Panduroga, described in Ayurvedic texts, is a condition characterized by pallor due to decreased hemoglobin levels, resembling anaemia in modern medicine. It affects the coloration of the skin, sclera, nails, and tongue.
What are the main causes of Panduroga according to Ayurveda?
The causes of Panduroga are categorized into dietary factors, lifestyle habits, and related diseases. Excessive intake of acidic or incompatible foods, lack of exercise, and psychological stress can all contribute to the condition.
What treatments are available for managing Panduroga?
Treatment strategies for Panduroga include avoiding causative factors, oleation therapy, and the use of various herbal and mineral preparations like Lauha Bhasma, along with dietary recommendations to enhance overall health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “An ayurvedic perspective of panduroga -a review�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu refers to a condition characterized by pallor, usually associated with anemia, where the color of the body, such as skin and nails, changes due to a deficiency of hemoglobin or blood [see source text or glossary: Pandu].
2) Panduroga (Pandu-roga, Pamduroga):
Pandu-roga is another term for Panduroga, describing the Ayurvedic condition marked by pallor and anemia due to vitiation and deficiency of Dhatus like Rakta [see source text or glossary: Pandu-roga].
3) Disease:
In the context of Ayurveda, a disease like Panduroga is described with its unique pathogenesis and treatment methods, reflecting the traditional medical system's detailed understanding of health and ailments [see source text or glossary: Disease].
4) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the fundamental tissues of the body in Ayurveda, such as Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), and others. Disorders like Panduroga affect both Rasa and Rakta Dhatus [see source text or glossary: Dhatu].
5) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the primary functional elements governing the physiological and psychological processes in the body. Vitiation of the Doshas, especially Pitta, is a central factor in the pathogenesis of Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Dosha].
6) Rakta:
Rakta, or blood, is a crucial Dhatu affected in Panduroga. The decrease or vitiation of Rakta leads to symptoms such as pallor and weakness in the condition described as Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Rakta].
7) Pitta:
Pitta, one of the three Doshas, is primarily involved in the manifestation of Panduroga. Its vitiation affects the coloration (Varna) of the body, leading to the pallor observed in this disease [see source text or glossary: Pitta].
8) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa, the first tissue among the Saptadhatus, is involved in the pathology of Panduroga. Vitiation or improper formation of Rasa due to disturbed digestion can lead to subsequent deterioration of Rakta Dhatu [see source text or glossary: Rasa].
9) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or disturbance in the Doshas or Dhatus. In Panduroga, the vitiation of Pitta, along with other Doshas, results in the symptoms associated with the disease [see source text or glossary: Vitiation].
10) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is used in Ayurveda for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties. Various medicinal Ghritas are prescribed in the treatment of Panduroga to restore balance and support Dhatu nutrition [see source text or glossary: Ghrita].
11) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas governing bodily stability and fluid balance. Its vitiation, along with that of Pitta and Vata, can contribute to the manifestation of Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Kapha].
12) Drug:
Ayurvedic treatments for Panduroga include single and compound drugs, such as Lauha Bhasma and herbal formulations, targeting the root cause and symptoms of the disease [see source text or glossary: Drug].
13) Panduta:
Panduta refers to the paleness or pallor observed in conditions like Panduroga. This term is used to describe the change in skin color due to a decrease in hemoglobin or blood [see source text or glossary: Panduta].
14) Vata:
Vata, one of the three Doshas, plays a role in the manifestation of Panduroga. Its vitiation can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and dry skin observed in this disease [see source text or glossary: Vata].
15) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causative factors of a disease. In Panduroga, Nidanas include dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and pre-existing diseases that can lead to the vitiation of Doshas and the disease [see source text or glossary: Nidana].
16) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa, or muscle tissue, is one of the Dhatus affected in the progression of Panduroga. The vitiation or depletion of Mamsa can lead to muscle weakness and other symptoms [see source text or glossary: Mamsa].
17) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni describes low digestive fire or impaired digestion. It is a significant factor in Panduroga as it leads to improper formation of Rasa and subsequent Dhatus, contributing to the disease [see source text or glossary: Mandagni].
18) Lauha:
Lauha, or iron, is used in various Ayurvedic preparations such as Lauha Bhasma for treating Panduroga due to its key role in correcting Rakta deficiency and improving hemoglobin levels [see source text or glossary: Lauha].
19) Roga:
Roga means disease. Panduroga refers to the specific Ayurvedic disease characterized by pallor and anemia, where Roga helps in understanding its pathological aspects [see source text or glossary: Roga].
20) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
Raktadhatu refers to blood tissue, which is vitiated or deficient in Panduroga, leading to significant symptoms such as pallor and weakness [see source text or glossary: Raktadhatu].
21) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
Pitta Dosha is primarily involved in the pathogenesis of Panduroga. Its vitiation affects the Rakta Dhatu and causes changes in body coloration and other symptoms [see source text or glossary: Pitta-dosha].
22) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha Dosha also plays a role in the development of Panduroga. Its vitiation, along with Pitta and Vata, leads to symptoms like heaviness and pallor in the disease [see source text or glossary: Kapha-dosha].
23) Mamsadhatu (Mamsha-dhatu):
Mamsa Dhatu, or muscle tissue, gets affected in Panduroga. The depletion of this Dhatu contributes to muscle weakness and other clinical signs of the disease [see source text or glossary: Mamsa-dhatu].
24) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasa Dhatu, the first of the Saptadhatus, is altered in Panduroga due to digestive disturbances, leading to deficient nourishment of subsequent Dhatus, including Rakta [see source text or glossary: Rasa-dhatu].
25) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to cleansing or purification treatments in Ayurveda. Both Shodhana and Shamana therapies are recommended for managing Panduroga to eliminate vitiated Doshas [see source text or glossary: Shodhana].
26) Samhita:
Samhitas are classical Ayurvedic texts that provide detailed descriptions of diseases, their etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments, including for Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Samhita].
27) Snehana:
Snehana, or oleation therapy, is used in the treatment of Panduroga to combat dryness and support the nourishment of Dhatus, particularly when Vata is vitiated [see source text or glossary: Snehana].
28) Ahara:
Ahara means diet or food. Specific dietary recommendations and the avoidance of certain foods play a crucial role in the management of Panduroga in Ayurveda [see source text or glossary: Ahara].
29) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purvarupa refers to the prodromal symptoms indicating an approaching disease. In Panduroga, these include symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and digestive issues [see source text or glossary: Purvarupa].
30) Gaurava:
Gaurava means heaviness, a symptom associated with the vitiation of Kapha Dosha, observed in conditions like Panduroga due to obstruction in the Srotas or bodily channels [see source text or glossary: Gaurava].
31) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to conditions or symptoms arising from the vitiation of Kapha Dosha. In Panduroga, Kaphaja symptoms include heaviness and lethargy [see source text or glossary: Kaphaja].
32) Harita:
Harita Samhita is one of the classical texts that provide additional insights into the etiological factors and symptoms of Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Harita].
33) Vihara:
Vihara refers to lifestyle practices that can contribute to the development or management of diseases like Panduroga. Unhealthy Vihara is a Nidana, or cause, of the condition [see source text or glossary: Vihara].
34) Aruci:
Aruchi means loss of appetite, a Purvarupa or prodromal symptom of Panduroga, indicating underlying digestive issues and disturbed Agni [see source text or glossary: Aruchi].
35) Pooja:
Pooja Badani is the author of the article on Panduroga, contributing to the academic research and review of this Ayurvedic disease [see source text or glossary: Pooja].
36) Rupa:
Rupa refers to the manifestations or clinical features of a disease. In Panduroga, Rupa includes pallor, fatigue, and other symptoms associated with anemia [see source text or glossary: Rupa].
37) Samprapti:
Samprapti outlines the pathogenesis of a disease in Ayurveda. For Panduroga, it details how vitiated Doshas affect Dhatus, leading to the symptoms observed [see source text or glossary: Samprapti].
38) Substance:
Various substances are used in the treatment of Panduroga, including herbal preparations, mineral medications, and dietary recommendations aimed at correcting the imbalance [see source text or glossary: Substance].
39) Vagbhata:
Acharya Vagbhata is an Ayurvedic scholar who described the Samprapti and treatment of Panduroga, emphasizing the role of Pitta Dosha in the disease [see source text or glossary: Vagbhata].
40) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja indicates conditions or symptoms arising from the vitiation of Pitta Dosha. In Panduroga, Pittaja symptoms include pallor and yellowish discoloration [see source text or glossary: Pittaja].
41) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to Ayurvedic calcined preparations used in treatment. Lauha Bhasma is commonly used for Panduroga to address Rakta deficiency [see source text or glossary: Bhasma].
42) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya means depletion or deficiency. In Panduroga, there is a significant Kshaya of Dhatus like Rakta, leading to symptoms like pallor and weakness [see source text or glossary: Kshaya].
43) Pathya:
Pathya refers to dietary and lifestyle measures beneficial for managing a disease. In Panduroga, specific Pathya recommendations support the treatment process [see source text or glossary: Pathya].
44) Krodha:
Krodha, or anger, is listed as one of the mental factors that can contribute to the vitiation of Pitta and subsequent development of Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Krodha].
45) Bhaya:
Bhaya, or fear, is another psychological factor that can disturb digestion and Agni, contributing to the development of Panduroga through impaired Dhatu formation [see source text or glossary: Bhaya].
46) Karma (Karman):
Karma in this context refers to the therapeutic actions taken to treat Panduroga, including Snehana (oleation), Swedana (fomentation), and Shodhana (cleansing) therapies [see source text or glossary: Karma].
47) Blood:
Blood, or Rakta, is the primary tissue affected in Panduroga. Deficiency or vitiation of blood leads to symptoms like pallor and fatigue characteristic of the disease [see source text or glossary: Blood].
48) Agni:
Agni, or digestive fire, is crucial for proper digestion and Dhatu formation. Mandagni, or impaired Agni, leads to improper nourishment causing diseases like Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Agni].
49) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata Dosha, when vitiated, can contribute to Panduroga, alongside Pitta and Kapha. Its imbalance leads to symptoms like dryness and muscle weakness [see source text or glossary: Vata-dosha].
50) Samtarpana (Santarpana):
Santarpana refers to nourishment or anabolic processes, which, when imbalanced, can lead to conditions like Panduroga by increasing Kapha and causing metabolic disturbances [see source text or glossary: Santarpana].
51) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine that offers detailed insights into diseases like Panduroga, including their causative factors, pathogenesis, and treatment methods [see source text or glossary: Ayurveda].
52) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation used in the treatment of Panduroga for its Rasayana properties to nourish and rejuvenate the body [see source text or glossary: Triphala].
53) Upadrava:
Upadrava refers to complications that can arise from a disease. In Panduroga, neglected symptoms can lead to severe complications like heart problems and immune deficiencies [see source text or glossary: Upadrava].
54) Angasada (Anga-sada):
Angasada means body weakness, a prominent symptom of Panduroga resulting from Dhatu Kshaya, particularly of Rasa and Rakta [see source text or glossary: Angasada].
55) Bhojana:
Bhojana refers to food and dietary habits. Improper Bhojana, including incompatible foods, is a significant Nidana for the development of Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Bhojana].
56) Mandura (Mamdura):
Mandura refers to a specific type of iron preparation used in Ayurvedic medicine. Mandura Bhasma is employed in the treatment of Panduroga to correct hemoglobin deficiencies [see source text or glossary: Mandura].
57) Samanya:
Samanya Rupa refers to the general symptoms associated with a disease. In Panduroga, general symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and weakness [see source text or glossary: Samanya].
58) Apathya:
Apathya includes measures that should be avoided as they aggravate the disease. In Panduroga, dietary and lifestyle factors that worsen the condition are considered Apathya [see source text or glossary: Apathya].
59) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana refers to palliative treatments aimed at alleviating symptoms and restoring balance. Ayurvedic management of Panduroga involves specific Shamana therapies [see source text or glossary: Shamana].
60) Lohita:
Lohita is a synonym for Rakta Dhatu, emphasizing the relationship between iron (Lauha) and blood. In Panduroga, treatments often include iron supplements to address the deficiency [see source text or glossary: Lohita].
61) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the bodily tissues vitiated in a disease. In Panduroga, Dhatus such as Rasa and Rakta are primary Dushyas affected, leading to various symptoms [see source text or glossary: Dushya].
62) Shrama (Srama):
Shrama means fatigue, a common symptom experienced in Panduroga due to the deficiency and vitiation of Rakta and other Dhatus [see source text or glossary: Shrama].
63) Vamana:
Vamana is an emetic therapy used in Ayurveda for detoxification. It is recommended in the treatment of Panduroga after proper oleation and condition of the patient is assessed [see source text or glossary: Vamana].
64) Lavana:
Lavana means salt. Excessive intake of salty foods is listed as a Nidana (cause) for the development of Panduroga, as it can lead to Pitta aggravation [see source text or glossary: Lavana].
65) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja refers to conditions or symptoms caused by the vitiation of Vata Dosha. In Panduroga, Vataja symptoms include dryness, fatigue, and body aches [see source text or glossary: Vataja].
66) Shoka (Soka):
Shoka, or grief, is one of the psychological factors that can disturb digestion and impair Dhatu formation, contributing to diseases like Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Shoka].
67) Varna:
Varna refers to color or complexion. In Panduroga, the loss or change in Varna (complexion) is a significant symptom, indicating deficiencies in Rakta [see source text or glossary: Varna].
68) Diet:
Diet plays a critical role in both the development and management of Panduroga. Specific dietary regimens are prescribed to correct the imbalances and support recovery [see source text or glossary: Diet].
69) Soil:
In the context of Panduroga, soil ingestion (Mridbhakshana) is a cause leading to the vitiation of Doshas and the manifestation of symptoms [see source text or glossary: Soil].
70) Daivavyapashraya (Daivavyapasraya):
Daivavyapashraya refers to divine or spiritual therapies in Ayurveda. While not detailed in the text regarding Panduroga, it represents one of the approaches to treatment [see source text or glossary: Daivavyapashraya].
71) Yuktivyapashraya (Yuktivyapasraya):
Yuktivyapashraya refers to rational or logical therapies in Ayurveda. It involves diet, lifestyle modifications, and medicinal treatments, which are emphasized in managing Panduroga [see source text or glossary: Yuktivyapashraya].
72) Dhatukshaya (Dhatuksaya, Dhatu-kshaya):
Dhatu-kshaya means tissue depletion. In Panduroga, there is a significant Dhatu-kshaya, particularly of Rakta and other bodily tissues, leading to symptoms like pallor and weakness [see source text or glossary: Dhatu-kshaya].
73) Phalatrikadi (Phalatrika-adi):
Phalatrikadi Kwatha is an Ayurvedic herbal decoction used in the treatment of Panduroga for its medicinal properties aimed at correcting Dosha imbalances [see source text or glossary: Phalatrikadi].
74) Lauhabhasma (Lauha-bhasma):
Lauha Bhasma is a calcined iron preparation used in Ayurveda. It is commonly employed in the treatment of Panduroga to address iron deficiency and improve hemoglobin levels [see source text or glossary: Lauha-bhasma].
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 228]
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