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The term 'Yantra' has been defined by Bhoja in his Samarangana-sutradhara as a contrivance by which the natural forces like earth, water, fire, air and ether are channeled for the benefit of human beings. Dhanapala has referred to the following Yantras inhis Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala : 168. (i) Ghati-yantra: It is the water-wheel mounted on a well and consists of a wheel on which are suspended, like a huge belt, a pair of joined circular ropes to which, again, a number of earthern pots are tied in a series at regular intervals in such a way that the ropes along with some of the pots reach considerably below the surface of the water in the well 169 i " -- 165. Tilakamanjari, p.117 (7ff.) dvara bhittigarbha pratisthitaneka devata pratibhabhih- marga vapibhih . Shri C. Sivaramamurti has misinterpreted the word 'Pratima' in the sense of 'painting' in Art Notes From Dhanapala鈥檚 Tilakamanjari, Indian Culture (A Research Journal) Vol.II, No.2, Oct.1935,p.199. 166. (P.T.0.)

525 (ii) Camikara-cakra-dola-yantra : It seems to have been a sort of a horizontally rotating merry-go-round possibly mounted on a central golden pillar serving as 170 a pivot; it was decorated with silken banners on the top Vimana-yantra : (iii) It was a sort of a wooden aeroplane, at times studded with jewels and decorated with cloth banners; it 171 could fly with great speed in the air. (iv) Vilasa-yantra-putrika : It was a mechanical contrivance in the form of a female figure, most probably carved from stone or wrought in metals like gold and etc., and was set on the pillars; such mechanisms were utilized for waving Camaras to the kings and royal inmates in the palaces.172 173 (v) Yantra-dhara-grha : According to Dr. Dwijendranath Shukla, this was a sort of shower-bath; but actually it seems to have been a room on all the sides of 174 which water was made to fall in jets as a cooling device, the water-supply to which was connected with the adjoin- $175 ing reservoir.