Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki鈥檚 version.
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A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM 570 III Sing. 啶灌た啶� - 啶灌 - 啶灌啶灌た啶� 啷оェ啷イ啷�
[hii - h墨 - hohii 116|2
] Plu. 啶膏え啷嵿い啶� - 啶掂す啶苦じ啷嵿じ啶ㄠ啶むた 啷イ啷ウ
啶ㄠ啶灌 鈥� 啷ォ啷むガ啷�, 啶灌啶灌 - 啷ェ啷оキ
啶灌え啷嵿い啶� - 啶さ啶灌え啷嵿い啶� 啷оェ啷キ啷�,
啶灌た啶ㄠ啶むた - 啶灌啶灌た啶ㄠ啶むた 啷ェ啷むェ啷�
[santi - vahissanti 4|80
neh墨 鈥� 53|62, hoh墨 - 6117
hanti - bhavahanti 11872,
hinti - hohinti 51|16
] Forms marked with* lengthen the vowel before the augment. This
kind of lengthening is noticed in the VH also (VH, Tr. p. 19).
Pischel (533) quotes such instances from the Apabhram艣a literature.
Actually it is lengthening of the short vowel when one of the two
members of a conjunct following the short vowl is dropped.
Besides there are some typical (archaic) forms of future tense as
indicated :-
'ham' for I. Sing. = 'hoham' 6.58, kaham' 6, 72, 178;12.20;22.6;
31.9;63.67. Pischel (530) observes it in the Amg, and the JM.
'ssam' for I Sing. = 'pavissam' 109.19, 'maggissar' 24.39,
'vocchain' 20.181, 'pecchissar' 102.2, 'muccissam 102.198. Pischel
(531.530) observes it generally in the Saurasen墨; and sometimes in the
Amg. and the MH.
There is one instance of appending the augment 'hu' for future
tense鈥�'havihunti ' 118.68, III Plural.
Out of various moods Imperative is regularly used. Potential is
sometimes used otherwise it is expressed by appending the participles of
potential to the roots.
Imperative Mood
I Sing. 啶鈥� 啶ぞ啶 啷ウ啷むカ啷�
[mu鈥� m膩mu 70|52
] II. Sing.
啷�
- 啶啶氞啶� 啷ェ啷оキ啷�
[0
- peccha 51178
] Plu. 啶光�� 啶椸啶灌す 啷┼イ啷оオ啷�
啶膏- 啶膏ぞ啶灌じ啷� 啷ㄠギ 啷� 啷оオ 啶灌た鈥� 啶忇す啶� 啷エ啷оギ
-
啶ぐ啶苦す啶班す 啷оオ 啷� 啷оオ啷�
[ha鈥� gehaha 3|142
su- s膩hasu 28 | 14 hi鈥� ehi 8218
-
pariharaha 14 | 146
] III. Sing 啶� 鈥� 啶灌啶� 啷ェ啷ォ, 啶呧啷嵿啶� 啷オ啷むェ啷�
[u 鈥� hou 4143, acchau 64|18
] Plu. 啶ㄠ啶む 鈥� 啶曕ぐ啶ㄠ啶む 啷イ啷ウ, 啶班啷嵿啶ㄠ啶む 啷оェ啷� 啷むェ啷оガ
[ntu 鈥� karantu 4|70, rakkhantu 118 |116
] 'Ha' as plural and 'hi' as singular termination are used for the
same II person in the sentence noted below. It is an occasion of panic
hence such uses sound natural鈥�
啶ぞ啶� 啶ぞ 啶溹ぞ啶� 啶侧す啷� 啶ㄠた啶い啷囙す啶� 啷キ 啷ㄠウ.
[bh膩u m膩 j膩ha lahu niyatehi 67 20.
] In the sentence quoted below 鈥榟a' is used for II Sing. But here
R膩ma during his madness speaks these words.
啶呧い啷嵿ぅ啶班す 啶侧す啷佮 啶膏啶溹啶溹 啶膏啶た啶む啶む 啷оェ啷� 啷� 啷оォ.
[attharaha lahu峁� sejja峁� somitt墨 111 | 13.
] Potential Mood
I. Sing. 啶灌啶溹啶� 啷カ 啷� 啷オ. [hojja 75 | 64. ] II. Sing. 啶忇啷嵿啶膏 啷オ 啷� 啷ㄠォ 啶椸ぃ啷囙啷嵿啶距じ啷� 啷オ [ejjasu 44 | 23 ga峁噀jj膩su 64 ] / 啷ガ
[66
] III. Sing. 啶灌さ啷囙啷嵿 啷┼カ啷むガ啷� 啶ぞ啶掂た啶溹啶溹ぞ 啷ㄠイ啷ㄠウ .
[havejja 35|65 p膩vijj膩 2|20 .
]
