Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki鈥檚 version.
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568
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM
Optional used of basic forms in Acc. is a tendency of the
Apabhramsa (Hem. 8.4.344). 'usabhe' (usabhe suma峁僩al膩e j茫o
bharaho 20.106) Inst. Sing. is just like Apabhra峁兣沘 (See Hem, 8.4.333
and P. L. Vaidya's notes). 'Name' is such an example in L墨l膩va卯 p. 81.
'Hi' is used as Loc. Sing. in 鈥榤ahurahi' at 89.24 (Magadhi of
M峁沜chakatika also uses this form鈥� Pischel.).
鈥楰ava峁嘺 (Kim)' as Interrogative pronoun is observed in the
PCV at a few places. (71.8, 105. 29, 110.13; 117.28; 118.62.). 'Kava峁嚹伮�
at 79.10 as Fem. Nom. Sing; 'Kavana峁�' at 118.61 as Masc. Acc.
Sing.; at 118.40 and 77.68 as Fem. Acc. Sing.; and at 94.98 as Neut.
Acc. Sing. According to Hemacandra (8.4.367) it is an Apabhramsa
(See form Pischel 428) also.
Verbal Terminations
There is no distinction between Parasmaipada and 脛tmanepada
roots. Generally the Parasmaipada terminations are appended to the
verbal roots, but some Atmanepada forms are also found in the
笔补耻尘补肠补谤颈测补峁�.
The complications of ten conjugations of Sanskrit have been
simplified by doing away with their distinctions. All the roots generally
end in vowels and the terminations are directly appended to them.
Thus there is no necessity of adding conjugational signs before the
terminations. Though the system has been simplified yet some of the
conjugational signs with the necessary phonetic changes survive in the
language of the PCV.
There are generally two tenses-the Present and the Future.
Past is denoted by Past-passive participles.
The
Present Tense
I. Sing. 啶た-啶ぐ啶｀ぞ啶た 啷�:啷оガ,
[mi-bhara峁嚹乵i 1:16,
] I.
Plural
啶- 啶く啶氞啶涏ぞ啶 啷оェ啷┼イ啷�
[mo- payacch膩mo 113|3
] II. Sing.
啶膏た - 啶啷嵿啶膏た [si - maggasi ] 188
II.
Plural
啶�-啶ㄠた啶︵す 啷ㄠギ [ha-nidaha 28] /啷ギ
[68
] III. Sing. - 2190
啶�-啶え啷嵿ぇ啶� 啷� [i-bandhai 2] /啷キ
[67
] III. Plural
啶ㄠ啶むた - 啶班ぁ啶ㄠ啶むた 啷ガ啷むオ啷�
[nti - ra岣峚nti 56|45
] At 102.75 there is 鈥榓峁噓mayanti' metri causa.
There are three
instances of 'mu' turmination for I Plu. 'vacch膩mu' 17.38; 45.38
'paremu' 117.21. Hemacandra (8.3. 144) permits it.
Termination of Plural for Singular
'Mo' termination is used for 1st Person sing. Example:-
啶呧き啶苦ぐ啶ぞ啶 啷┼ォ|啷ギ, 啶え啷嵿ぅ啷囙ぎ啷� 啷┼ェ 啷┼ガ,
啶え啷嵿ぅ啷囙ぎ啷� 啷┼ェ 啷┼ガ, 啶椸た啶灌た啶 啷┼ェ啷むカ啷�, 啷оウ啷� [abhiram膩mo 33|48, panthemo 31 36,
panthemo 31 36, gihimo 31|51, 108] /啷┼エ,
啶啶溹た啶 啷エ 啷ㄠウ [32,
bhujimo 52 20] ; 啷оウ啷� [105] /啷ェ, 啶曕ぞ啶灌た啶膏た啶 啷ガ啷むェ啷�.
[61, k膩hisimo 56|15.
]
