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Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)

Author: K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali

This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.

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342
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARİYA�
but in vain. Vānara Sugrīva, in accordance with the wishes of his
daughter, Padmarāga married her to Hanumat (19.40). It was
because of the request of Vidyādharī Padma that her father with-
drew from attacking Śrīkantha and allowed her to marry Śrīkaṇṭha
(6.24-26). There is a single instance when king Acala forcibly married
his son to many girls in order to prevent him from renouncing the
world (82.69).
Due Consultations:-Guardians of the brides held due consultations
and after having considered various factors, they selected bridegroom.
King Mahendra took advice of his ministers and on the ground of
merits he rejected others and selected Pavanañjaya for his daughter,
Añjanā (15.14-27). Similarly Maya (8.3) and Ravaṇa counselled with
their ministers before settling their daughters' marriage (12.1). When-
ever the father was unable to decide for himself, he sought help from
others. Thus when Tārā was simultaneously demanded by Vidyadhara
prince Sāhasagati and Sugrīva, her father took advice of a monk. He
predicted short span of life of Sahasagati. Then the choice fell to
Sugrīva, (10.4-8).
Considerations in Marriage-alliance:-The status of family, conduct.
good-looking features and parity in age were the main considerations
for contracting marriage-alliances. King Pṛthu was not willing to offer
his daughter to Ankuśa, because the former was quite ignorant of the
family of the latter (na ya najjai kulavaṃso 98.8). It was on account
of the noble family and noble qualities (sundarakula sambhño gunehi
dūra� samuvvahai 8.6) of Ravana that Maya married his daughter
Mandodari to him. King Puspottara was requested by the envoy of
Kirtidhavala to marry his daughter to Śrīkantha because Śrīkaṇṭha
belonged to ‘uttamakula' and possessed ‘uttamacarita' (6.17) as well
as 'uttamarupa' (6.18). Rāvana married his daughter to such a person
who belonged to a noble family 'visuddhakulavaṃsa' (12.2), who was
dear to people (vinaya gunadharo logassa ya vallaho 12.4) and possessed
decorum as well as good qualities (lakkhaṇovaveo 12.3). Minister
Sumati had advised Mahendra to marry Anjanā to Vidyutprabha be-
cause he possessed both ‘guna' and 'rūpa' (15.21). Vajrajangha was
in search of such a bride for Ankuśa that she could stand equal to
Ankusa in 'rūpa' (ruveṇa aṇusariccha� 98.3). Pavanañjaya was pre-
ferred to others as a bridegroom of Añjanā because he surpassed even
the cupid in beauty and health (ruvena jovvaṇeṇa kāmassa sirim
viḍambei 15.27). Therefore, it is said in the PCV that both
the parties should have parity in status, character and physique.¹
1. Uttamapurisāṇa jae saṃjogo hoi uttamehi sam am, ahamāṇa majjhimāṇa ya
sariso sarisehi vā hojjā–PCV, 6.19,

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