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[Full title: Informative stories; (A) Caritas of Eminent persons; (8) Duel between Bharata and Bahubali]

This episode is narrated by Gautama just following the attainment of omniscience by Rsabha (4.36-56). Bharata, the first son of Rsabha became the sovereign ruler (Cakravartin) of Bharata, but his brother, Bahubali who reigned Taksasila did not accept suzerainty of the former. Therefore, Bharata sought a battle with Bahubali. At the initiative of Bahubali a sight. duel and wrestling took place between them. As Bharata got overpowered so he threw his discuss at Bahubali but the latter was not hurt at all. At that moment Bahubali developed the feeling of renunciation. Bharata tried in vain to prevent his brother from

INTERVENING STORIES 147 renouncing the world. He bowed to Bahubali and returned to Saketapuri. Bahubali performed meditation in the standing posture and duly attained salvation. The Utlaradhyayana (18. 34), the Jambudvipaprajnapti (3.41.71) and the Tiloyapannatti (4. 515) mention Bharata as the first Cakravartin. The Vasudevahindi (I. p. 187) agrees with the Paumacariya and adds that Bharata before the commencement of the duels had sent his envoy asking Bahubalto accept his sovereignty. Bahubali was very proud of himself hence he was not attaining Kevala. It was his sister Brahmi who reminded and helped him in controlling his passion. The Avasyakacurni (I. p. 210) adds wordy duel and boxing. It mentions the efforts of both Brahmi and Sundari in helping Bahubali to control his passion. The Paumacariya (4. 67-78) mentions that Bahubali ruled at Pautanapura. It does not refer to the efforts of Bharata in dissuading Bahubali from accepting monkhood. It adds that during the period of his meditation some creepers coiled round and an ant-hill grew around the body of Bahubali. Many venomous snakes also surrounded him. The Paumacariu (ch. 4) refers to Bharata's sending, of an envoy to Bahubali. It adds water-duel to those mentioned in the Paumacariya and states that the duels were arranged by their ministers. Here Bharata helps in subduing the passion of Bahubali. The Harivamsha-purana of Jinasenasuri (11.77-102) agrees with the Paumacariu The Adipurana (26), the Mahapurana (12.17) and the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. (p.6) also mention three duels. The Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra (I.p. 274) refers to the sending of an envoy. It (I.p. 312) adds a voice-fight to those referred to in the Paumacariya It states that the gods had arranged the duels and mentions both the sisters. In the Bhagavatapurana (5.7f), Bharata is mentioned as the son of Rsabhadeva, an incarnation of Visnu. But the story does not agree with the Jaina tradition. After his name the country came to be known as Bharatavarsa¹ (5.7.3). At 9.20 another Bharata is mentioned as a Cakravartin who was the son of Dusyanta born of Sakuntala. He belonged to the Puruvamsa. He performed many sacrifices and gave presents to Brahmins.