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Sources of Architectural Canons 243 knowledge occur in the Aitareya Br膩hma峁嘺 ( VI. 5. 27). Sacrifices
(Yagn膩s) form the main topic of the Br膩hma峁嘺s, In Citi
(sacrificial altar) the burnt-bricks were used. Further, the
description occuring in Satapatha Br膩hma峁嘺 indicates the influence
of Non-Aryan architecture. The construction of the Sma艣膩na
(Burial mound over the ashes or the bones of dead man) is
described in detail in the Satapatha Br膩hma峁嘺 (XIII. 8. 1. 4)
which, supplemented by 峁歡vedic and Yajurvedic verses already
referred to, gives us a clear idea of the earliest form of the
Indian Stupa. The Aryan st奴pas were four-sided; the non-Aryans
ones were round. Square Hindu st奴pas have been found in
India. The Hindu stupa rested on earth, where as the Asura
st奴pa was errected on a base. The mound was then enclosed
by a stone which perhaps indicates the stone casing or the rails
round the st奴pas. Pegs were fixed on the four sides, which
might have given rise to the custom of errecting a pillar on
each of the four cardinal points arround the St奴pa.
(d) S奴tr膩s (800 B. C.-400 B. C. ) 29
The Kalpa Sutras one of the Ved膩ngas, afford the earliest
V膩stu艣膩stras. The Samkhayna Grhya S奴tra (III, 2 ff.) and the
A艣v膩layana Grhya S奴tra (II, 7, 9) devote as many as three
chapters each to canons of house building. The existence of
the central post and the importance ascribed to it indicate that
the earliest house of the Aryans was one with a pillar in
centre, on which the stability of the house depended.
In the Gobhila and Kh膩dira Sutras, the principles of site-
selection, the quadrangular and circular shape, the position
of the doors etc. have been eleborately discussed. Correctness
of foundation and proportionate measurements of the architecture
are strictly adhered in Sulbha-sutras. Dr. P. K. Acharya rightly
observes: "The construction of these altars, which
required for the great 'Soma' sacrifice, seems to have been
29. Chro. Kane.
were