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[Full title: The vertical parts of the Mandapa鈥擳reatment in the extant temples; (c) Arches]

Fretted ornamental arches in the temples of the Caulukyan period menifest two purposes, firstly they flow like a garland from shaft to shaft and thus join the pillars arranged octagonally, triangularly or in a square or rectangular position and secondly they contribute the charm of the whole scheme. At Modhera the arches spring out from the snout of the makara. 55 Arches of the Modhera type are like its pillars universal. They are found in the temples at Siddhapur ( Rudramala ), 56 Abu (Vimala & Tejapala's temples), Somanath (extinct), Asoda (Jasmalnatha temple) etc. Much of their beauty, at Modhera, is lost by the destruction of little scrolls that filled the space between the cusps and of the hanging tips of the cusps. But at Abu, they are illustrated in their complete form. 57 52. ASWIK p. 18. 55. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat Plt. LII, LV. Here Fig. 80. 53. Antiquities of Dabhoi p. 6. 56. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat Plt. XXXVII. Here Fig. 96. 54. Antiquities of Kaccha and Kathiawada p. 210. 57. Here Fig. 119.

The Vertical Parts of the Mandapa 429 In shape the arches are found of two shapes-semi-circular and triangular, 58 At Modhera, Abu (Vimala and Tejapala's Temples) and Somanatha both the types are found and they are identical with those at Modhera. The third shape known as hindolaka is also available at Abu. It springs from the mouth of the makara and in swinging manner touches to the architrave.