365betÓéÀÖ

Jain Remains of Ancient Bengal

by Shubha Majumder | 2017 | 147,217 words

This page relates ‘Dikpalas type of Candraprabha Sculpture� of the study on the Jain Remains of Ancient Bengal based on the fields of Geography, Archaeology, Art and Iconography. Jainism represents a way of life incorporating non-violence and approaches religion from humanitarian viewpoint. Ancient Bengal comprises modern West Bengal and the Republic of Bangladesh, Eastern India. Here, Jainism was allowed to flourish from the pre-Christian times up until the 10th century CE, along with Buddhism.

¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ type of Candraprabha Sculpture

[Full title: Images of °ÕÄ«°ù³Ù³ó²¹á¹…k²¹°ù²¹ Candraprabha (5): ¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ type of Candraprabha Sculpture]

In the Jain images ¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ are frequently depicted. We are very fortunate that from Tiluri, Bankura district we have documented a finely executed »å³ó²âÄå²ÔÄå²õ²¹²Ô²¹ image of Candraprabha (Pl.XXVI.C) with ¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ. In this image Jina is in »å³ó²âÄå²ÔÄå²õ²¹²Ô²¹ posture and is finely executed. The Jina is seated on a double-petalled lotus placed over a high tri-ratha pedestal depicting his ±ôÄåñ³¦³ó²¹²Ô²¹, the crescent (candra), and figures of some Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹ and monks. The Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹ is seated in ±è²¹»å³¾Äå²õ²¹²Ô²¹ their ±ô¾±á¹…g²¹ is invisible. The Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹ holds a book in his left hand, while his right hand is shown without any object. In front of the Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹ a ²õ³Ù³óÄå±è²¹²ÔÄå (wooden stand) is visible and a monk seated near to the ²õ³Ù³óÄå±è²¹²ÔÄå of an Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹. Accepts these images there are some other images of Ä峦Äå°ù²â²¹s and monks and they are actively busy with their own works. The Jina with an ³Üṣṇīṣa and elongated earrings is seated under a chatra (umbrella) which is excellently carved on the top of the stele. The deity is flanked by his two attendants or ³¦²¹³Ü°ùÄ«-bearers. Two ±¹¾±»å²âÄå»å³ó²¹°ù²¹²õ or garland-bearers are depicted on both sides of the top of the stele. This abraded image is made of sand stone and measures 70 cm x 38 cm. The artist has skillfully portrayed the meditative eyes of the Jina along with its well-carved Gandhara type ³Üṣṇīṣa. On the back-slab of the image eight ¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ are depict, recognizable through their respective vehicles, arranged in a vertical row of four on either side of the Jaina. Due to the abraded condition of the image it is very difficult to describe the iconographic details of eight ¶Ù¾±°ì±èÄå±ô²¹²õ. The image may be assigned to c. eleventh century CE.

Except these images during our extensive field surveys in the different parts of our study area we have also able to document some completely damabged specimens of °ÕÄ«°ù³Ù³ó²¹á¹…k²¹°ù²¹ Candraprabha images. In these images only the pedestal portion are survived and at the centre of the pedestal ±ôÄåñ³¦³ó²¹²Ô²¹ of the Jina is depict.

Among this variety we found a lower portion of an image of °ÕÄ«°ù³Ù³ó²¹á¹…k²¹°ù²¹ Candraprabha from Pakbirra and the remaining portion measures 39 x 36 x 16 cm. Only the feet of the ³¾Å«±ô²¹-²ÔÄå²â²¹°ì²¹ are presently survived (Bhattacharyya, Mitra & Bhowmick 1986: 145). Behind the lotus seat on the centre of the pedestal is a crescent, the ±ôÄåñ³¦³ó²¹²Ô²¹ of the Jina. On the either side are two kneeling devotees, one holding a garland and other in ²Ô²¹³¾²¹²õ°ìÄå°ù²¹-³¾³Ü»å°ùÄå. The sculpture is placed on a square architectural fragment having the figure of a crouching lion at each corner.

In Badra village we identified a broken icon of Candraprabha by virtue of the depiction of the crescent moon on its pedestal. The extant fragment measures 50 cm x 25 cm x 15 cm.

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: