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Diamond is a hardest and highly priced gem used to make all sorts of ornaments. 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 deal elaborately with diamond. 碍补耻峁璱濒墨测补 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补, 叠峁沨补迟蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 and 惭腻苍补蝉辞濒濒腻蝉补 also give a detailed account of diamond.

According to 骋补谤耻岣峚辫耻谤腻峁嘺^[1], diamond is obtained from six sources and they differ in colour. The classification is as follows.

Source	Colour
痴别峁嚹乼补迟惫补	Red
厂补耻惫墨谤补	Similar to dark cloud
碍补濒颈峁単补	Colour of gold
Kosala	Yellowish shade
笔耻峁嘾谤补	Black
惭腻迟补峁単补 (Temple of elephant)	Dark yellow

Regarding the signs of an excellent diamond, it is said that those that are very tiny, glossy, having equally softened sides and sharp ends, without any scratches, spots, dots, lines or marks are good. A diamond with all the above mentioned qualities is considered as the dwelling of deities. Even a minute damage of diamond is considered inauspicious. Diamonds of different colours are presided over by different deities. They are also associated with different 痴补谤峁嘺蝉.

The tables given below explain it^[2].

Colour	Deity
Green	痴颈峁ａ箛耻
White	痴补谤耻峁嘺
Yellow	Indra
Tawny	Agni
Dark	Yama
Red	Maruts
Colour	痴补谤峁嘺
Similar to conch, white lotus and crystal	叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺
Looks like hare鈥檚 eye	碍峁�a迟谤颈测补
Resembles a plantain leaf	痴补颈艣测补
Like a well polished sword	艢奴诲谤补

For a king, diamond with colours of turmeric juice or similar to the colour of a 闯补辫腻 flower is prescribed.

An excellent diamond can drive out snake鈥檚 poison. It keeps away the fear of fire, tiger thieves and water. It is said to be useful in the rituals related to sorcery. Since diamond is the hardest of all objects in the world, it is impossible to cut or even make a scratch on a diamond with any objects other than another diamond^[3].

Mines, flow of water and temples of elephants are the main sources of diamond, mentioned in 碍补耻峁璱濒墨测补 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补^[4]. Of these, diamonds got from the mines and flow of water was known by the term 笔谤补办墨谤峁嘺办补.

In addition to these, 碍补耻峁璱濒测补 gives special references to another six places, where diamonds are found. They are -

1. Sabh膩r膩峁�tra (Near Bombay),
2. K膩stirar膩峁�tra (Region of 艢r墨kha峁囜弓a mountain),
3. Uttara (惭补峁噄尘补苍迟丑补 mountain) and
4. Indrav膩na (碍补濒颈峁単补 region).

碍补耻峁璱濒测补 describes a lot about the quality of a good diamond. Regarding its defects, he agrees with the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. References to various colours of diamonds are seen in 碍补耻峁璱濒墨测补 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补. Thus diamonds with colours similar to 艢颈谤墨峁�a flower, cow鈥檚 urine, Gorocana etc. are described^[5].

To the Pur膩峁噄c list of sources of diamond, 叠峁沨补迟蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 adds 贬颈尘腻濒补测补 region. Its colour is said to be similar to copper. According to the text, the diamond mined from the bank of 痴别峁嚹� river is the purest of all. 叠峁沨补迟蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 also associates the various colours and shapes of diamonds with various deities^[6].

They are鈥�

Colour	Shape	Deities
White	Hexagonal	Indra
Dark	Snake鈥檚 mouth	Yama
Resembling plantain leaf	Varied	痴颈峁ａ箛耻
Similar to 碍补谤峁噄办腻谤补	Female genital organ	痴补谤耻峁嘺
Looks like tiger鈥檚 eye	Triangular	Agni
Of 础艣辞办补 flower	Corn of barley	痴腻测耻

The price of a diamond is calculated proportionate to its quality and weight. The normal weight of a diamond is equal to twenty rice grains. Such a diamond drifts on water and is considered the best. Wearing diamond by a woman desiring a child is generally not encouraged. But 叠峁沨补迟蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 recommends diamonds of good trait for women longing for a child^[7].

P.C Ray^[8] gives details of three categories of diamond -male, female and hermaphrodite. Their shape, size and colour are different. These are again divided into 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, 痴补颈艣测补 and 艢奴诲谤补 on the basis of their colour. The text also discusses the chemical processes related to diamond such as melting, purification, 鈥榢illing鈥� and reducing into ashes.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

I.68.17

[2]:

I.68.21, 22

[3]:

I.46.48, 68.23, 27, 33, 34

[4]:

II.11.77

[5]:

Ibid

[6]:

80.6-7

[7]:

LXXIX.12-18

[8]:

AHHC, pp.100-104