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The Indian approach to the study of language has been characterised by both analysis and synthesis. The study of language essentially requires a process of analysis in which the speech utterance is analysed in terms of sentences and words, stems and suffixes, morphemes and phonemes^[1]. The earlier reference regarding the language analysis can be seen in 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻. It says that once Gods (devas) requested Lord Indra to analyse speech and on behalf of their request, he performed the duty. Since then, the speech is called 惫补颈办峁泃补 or analysed (6.4.7). 艢腻办补濒测补's 笔补诲补辫腻峁环补 of 峁欢惫别诲补 is also one of the earlier attempts of language analysis. The 峁欢惫别诲补, originally in the 蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 form has been broken down into words in this 笔补诲补辫腻峁环补. In 叠峁沨补诲诲别惫补迟腻, 艢补耻苍补办补 defines a sentence as the group of words and words as the group of phonemes (2.117). We can find similar analytical methodology in 笔谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测补蝉 also. But the systematic analysis of speech begins from the time of 驰腻蝉办补, who analysed the speech on the basis of etymology.

He was the first to divide language into four parts viz. 苍腻尘补 (noun), 腻办丑测腻迟补 (verb), upasarga (prefixes) and 苍颈辫腻迟补 (prepositions):

"tat y膩nyet膩ni catv膩ri padaj膩t膩ni n膩m膩khy膩te copasarganip膩t膩艣ca",
  鈥�(2002, p.3).

This fourfold analysis is accepted by almost all the later Indian systems of knowledge.

The whole system of 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺 has been dedicated in the linguistic analysis of speech. 笔腻峁噄苍颈, who propounded the descriptive grammar of Sanskrit language in his 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨, has been praised by many modern linguists. 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨 is primarily concerned with building up of words from verbal roots, preverbs, primary and secondary suffixes and nominal and verbal terminations. This treatise also points out some syntactic problems involved in the formation of compound words and the relationship of the nouns in a sentence with the verb. The followers of the 笔腻峁噄苍颈an School developed this analytical method of language study in their works.

The School of 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻 is mainly concerned with the methodology of textual interpretation of the Vedic texts. 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 use both analysis and synthesis in their approach to the problems of textual interpretation. They give the semantic definition of the sentence and introduce the concepts of 腻办腻峁卥峁Ｄ� (mutual expectancy), 测辞驳测补迟腻 (consistency) and 腻蝉补迟迟颈 (congruity), which are necessary for the unity of the sentence. 狈补颈测腻测颈办补蝉 hold that 艣补产诲补, uttered by a trustworthy person, is one of the means of valid knowledge. Therefore the method of language analysis has been occupied a prime position in their philosophy. Thus it is clear that the various schools in India have carried out significant studies, which have produced insights into the working of language (Harold G Coward and K Kunjunni Raja, 2008, p.5).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

This analytical method is very popular in Sanskrit. Generally this method is considered as older, but some scholars like Punitha Sharma holds that it is a later development in the history of language (1998, p.12).