Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)
by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words
This page relates ‘concept of Samyoga (Combination)� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas—a crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 7 - The concept of Saṃyoga (Combination)
According to the Varṇaratnapradīpikā Śṣ�, sandhi is a one type of combination (ṃyDz). This Śṣ� classifies consonant groups into three parts and figuratively calls each combination respectively�
According to this Śṣ� a consonant group in which a �Yama� had occurred was compared to the combination equivalant to an iron ball�
स्पर्शानां पञ्चमैर्योगे चत्वार� ये यमाः स्मृताः।
अयस्पिण्डे� ते तुक्या धनबन्धाः प्रकीर्त्तिताः॥sparśānā� pañcamairyoge catvāro ye yamā� smṛtāḥ|
ayaspiṇḍena te tukyā dhanabandhā� prakīrttitāḥ||(Śṣāsaṃgraha, p.132)
In this connection the observation of the Varṇaratnapradīpikā Śṣ� is interesting. It states that the combination of plosive + semi-vowel was lax and compares the combination to a wooden ball which can be broken easily.
This observation was more valid in the case of Vedic Sanskrit[1], where words containing plosive + semi-vowel had under certain conditions doubles containing plosive + vowel + semi-vowel; e.g., �屹� beside �� But we also have to then take into account the fact that in Vedic manuscripts �adya� was often transcribed �addya�, but in the parallel development of the language it became �ajja�. The connection between �d� and �y� was not broken in the division ad/dya through it may have been broken in the division add/ya; while in ajja the combination becomes much closer. These facts indicate that the combination was not so universally easy to break as was supposed by the Śṣ�.
According to the Varṇaratnapradīpikā Śṣ� a hissing fricative + nasal consonant, in which no Yamas were said to occur, was compared to a ball of wool[2]. In the same connection there is to be found in the ñⲹ Śṣ�, a curious classification of consonant group according to the laxity or closeness of their combination.
This Śṣ� classifies consonant groups into seven parts[3] and frguratively calls each combination respectively�
- An iron ball.
- A ball of clay.
- A ball of flame.
- A ball of wool.
- A wooden ball.
- A ball of air.
- A ball of thunder.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
Vedic Metre in its Historical Development, Edward Vernon, p 81. Motilal Benerasidas.
[2]:
Śṣāsaṃgraha, p.133