Shaiva Upanishads (A Critical Study)
by Arpita Chakraborty | 2013 | 33,902 words
This page relates ‘A Brief Introduction� of the study on the Shaiva Upanishads in English, comparing them with other texts dealing with the Shiva cult (besides the Agamas and Puranas). The Upaniṣads are ancient philosophical and theological treatises. Out of the 108 Upanishads mentioned in the Muktikopanishad, 15 are classified as Saiva-Upanisads.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
1. A Brief Introduction
Vedic Origin of Ś In Vedic days Ś was called Rudra. From very ancient times Ś was worshipped as the Supreme God. The Ś Cult, is devoted to worship of the god Ś. The word Ś is an adjective meaning kind, friendly, gracious, or auspicious. As a proper name it means “The Auspicious One�, used as a euphemistic name for Rudra.[1] In the ṻ岹 Rudra is mentioned as the fearful and vengeful God. He is also described as the god of sickness, disease, death, destruction and calamity.[2] In the Śٲīⲹ of the Yajurveda there is an invocation offered to the god Agni to avert his wrath and pacify him after he transforms himself into Rudra. The hymn depicts him both as terrifying and pleasing. The prayer is offered to Rudra to bring health and prosperity to the people as a divine physician and also to save them from his own wrath. He is eulogized as lord of all beings.[3] The term Ś was first mentioned in the Śܰ yajurveda. The Atharvaveda has more references to this God suggestive of his growing popularity. Rudra is implored not to harm the cattle and the people.[4] In the Atharvaveda as well as the Yajurveda, Ś is addressed variously as Ś, Bhava, Nīlakaṇṭa, ʲśܱ貹پ, īī, Śپ첹ṇṭ etc.[5] The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa mentions eight names of Rudra. In one place he is mentioned as Rudra-Ś. In some cases he is also identified with Agni. This work explains how Ś got his name as Rudra.[6] The two great epics of India, the Ѳٲ and the 峾ⲹṇa, deal extensively with stories of Ś.[7]
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
ղٳٱԲԻ岹, pp. 43-44.
[2]:
[Ś in the Vedic texts]
[3]:
Ibid
[4]:
[Temple and its Significance] p. 203.
[5]:
S.V.
[6]:
Ibid
[7]:
ղٳٱԲԻ岹, p. 46.