Samkhya elements in the Bhagavata-purana
by Jumli Nath | 2017 | 62,959 words
This page relates ‘effects of Sattva-guna� of the English study dealing with the treatment of Samkhya elements in the Bhavata-Purana. The Puranas are a vast reservoir of Indian religious and cultural wisdom. Sankhya refers to one of the oldest and the authentic system of Indian philosophy ascribed to sage Kapila. This analytical study delves into the reflection of Samkhya philosophy within the Bhagavatapurana by researching original texts, translations, commentaries and scholarly articles.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 3.1 - The effects of ٳٱ-ṇa
[Full title: The effects of ٳٱ-ṇa as portrayed in the 岵ٲܰṇa]
The influence of sattva can empower one to control the mind, foster the traits of tolerance, discretion, penance, truthfulness, mercy, commemoration of ٰ teachings, contentment, renunciation and liberation from desires, faithfulness, modesty, charity, straightforwardness and so on and forth. ٳٱṇa is pure, luminous and auspicious. When this ṇa predominates over tamas and rajoṇa, a person is endowed with happiness and is gleefully united with the righteous tendencies, spiritual knowledge and other good qualities of head and heart. One who observes righteous duties properly, possesses qualities like control over the mind, and senses is liberated from the trappings of material attachments. Ś or controlof the mind, Dama or control of the senses, forbearance, discretion, tapas, truthfulness, compassion, memory renunciation, contentment, faith, charitableness are the proper attributes of sattvaṇa.[1]
One who is endowed with the aforementioned qualities may be rightfully referred to as that that person who is endowed with sattvaṇa. One should regard the wakeful state of consciousness of being as a manifestation of sattva ṇa. When someone renders his or her duties without the expectation of return, devotedly worships the Supreme Being, it can be rightfully opined that such a man or woman would be ٳٱ첹 by nature.[2]
Ś Swāmi says, when senses and mind illuminated by knowledge, then it may be known that sattva is predominant. With the predominance of the mode of goodness, the senses and mind get cleansed, discretion is developed, generosity takes the place of greed and dispassion takes the place of attachments. All actions are performed in the spirit of duty without the desire for their fruits. The person possessing this mode does not attach importance to worldly pleasures and prosperity and only makes both ends meet. With the development of intellect and discretion, all actions are performed with great care and promptness and one may distinguish between right and wrong. When there is the predominance of the mode of goodness, a striver should be particularly engaged in pious actions and meditate for even a little spiritual practice of this kind is greatly enriching.[3]
When one’s mind becomes serene, whose senses are no longer distracted and one who is self confident etc., one may said to be endowed with sattva ṇa, that surely leads to the lotus feet of Supreme Brahman.[4] Ś Swami also supports this view and says that when one’s heart and mind becomes serene and clean due to good traits and pious actions, he will surely find the abode of Lord վṣṇ as the mode of goodness occupies a very high place.[5]
From the above discussion, it is clear that with an amplification of sattva ṇa the intensity of God’s consciousness increases manifold. One who performs properly the righteous duties prescribed in śāstras and devotes himself at the Lotus feet of the Param Brahman without any expectation, is a person of purely ٳٱ첹 nature.[6] It is clearly mentioned in the 岵ٲܰṇa that, at the time of death, one who possesses the highest amount of good qualities or in whom sattva is predominant will surely gain access to the celestial world.[7]
Śī �
The second property of ʰṛt is rajas. This Ჹ첹ṇa is the opposite of ٳٱ첹 ṇa. A person characterised by Rajas is intensely connected with the activities characterized by ṛtپ and threrefore, Ჹ첹 actions are full of attachment. They are performed with an underlying desire to attain pleasure, comforts, luxuries, respect and praise etc. These desires are also sources of aguish when not attained. Rajoṇa gives birth to sins and sinful actions lead to painful consequences. The attributes of rajas are pride, dissatisfaction, vanity, selfish desire, selfish exertion, selfish invocation of the Devas, idea of separateness, the sense of discrimination between one self and others, material enjoyment, love of fame, power and violence etc.[9]
Footnotes and references:
[2]:
ⲹ bhajati mā� bhaktyā nirpekṣa� svakarmabhi�/
ta� sattvaprakṛti� vidyātpuruṣa� striyameva tta// Ibid.,11.25.10
[5]:
ⲹ ٳٲ� prasīdet swaccha� bhavet/
Ծṛtū貹پ�/
tatٲ matpada� madupalabdhisthānā� sattvamudrikta� viddhi//Ś’s commentary on Ibid.
[7]:
sattve pralinā� svaryānti // Ibid., 11.25.22. (a);
[8]:
Śī’s commentary on Ibid.