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Now there arises a vital question: how is one to identify an injunction.

In this regard the commentator 艢补产补谤补 quotes a verse鈥�

鈥�办耻谤测腻迟 kriyeta kartabya峁� bhavet 蝉测腻诲 iti pa帽camam |
etat sy膩t sarvavede峁�a 苍颈测补迟补峁� 惫颈诲丑颈濒补办峁�a峁嘺尘 触触鈥�^[1]

It means the fixed signs of injunction are the words 鈥榦ne shall do鈥�, (办耻谤测腻迟), 鈥榠t should be done鈥� (kriyeta), 鈥榠t ought to be done鈥� (kartavyam). 鈥榠t should be so鈥� (bhavet), and 鈥榠t ought to be so鈥� (syad). From this verse it is clear that an injunction is ordinarily construed in the optative form (called 痴颈诲丑颈濒颈峁� in Sanskrit) and the present tense is not ordinarily allowed here. But sometimes an injunction may be inferred even from a text having the present tense. For example, 鈥�dadhn膩 juhoti鈥� (He should sacrifice with curd.) this injunction can be mentioned. Here the present tense is transformed in the optative mood for the proper understanding of the injunction. Otherwise, the intended meaning of this vedic sentence can not be expressed. So, the 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 have taken resort to this theory of transformation of personal suffixes. This theory is supported by K峁涐梗峁嘺yajvakovida in his 鈥�惭墨尘腻峁僺腻辫补谤颈产丑腻蝉腻鈥�. According to him though the 濒颈峁� suffix is not heard in the sentence denoting 耻辫腻峁兣泆测腻驳补 (a sacrifice in which the priest offers oblations uttering sacred texts in a very low voice) occurring on the full-moon day in the case of the new-moon (顿补谤艣补) and full-moon (笔奴谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补) sacrifices, yet 鈥�yajati鈥� can be transformed into 鈥�yajeta鈥� for making the sentence into an injunctive one. So, he says, 鈥�nanu 耻辫腻峁兣泆测腻驳补v膩kye yaje岣� 艣ravane 鈥�pi vidhipratyaya濒颈峁吥乨er abh膩v膩t 办补迟丑补峁� vidh膩yakatvam iti cet, maivam yajati ityasya yajeta iti vipari峁嚹乵ena vidh膩yakat-vasa峁僢hav膩t. eva峁� 鈥�vr墨h墨n prok峁�ati鈥� 鈥�samidho yajati鈥� ity膩dau api vipari峁嚹乵o 产辞诲丑测补岣�鈥�. This transformation is supported by 笔腻峁噄苍颈 in the formula 鈥�vyatyayo bahulam鈥�.^[2]

Another solution given by him is admitting the form 鈥�yajati鈥� in the form of let suffix.^[3] Here the 办腻艣颈办腻 authored by 闯补测腻诲颈迟测补 and 痴腻尘补苍补 explains that the let suffix can be found as an alternative suffix in place of 濒颈峁� suffix expressing the sense of potential mood etc. in the case of vedic literature. The Vritti is as follows鈥�

鈥�chandasi anyatarasyam iti vartate | 濒颈峁単arthe = yatra 濒颈峁� vidh墨yate vidhy膩dir hetuhetumator 濒颈峁� ityevam 膩dis tatra, chandasi vi峁�aye鈥檔yatarasy膩峁� let pratyayo bhavati. | jo峁�i峁�at (峁欢惫别诲补鈥�2.35.1) | t膩ri峁�at (峁欢惫别诲补鈥�1.25.12) | mandi峁�at 狈别迟腻 Indro ne峁�at (艢膩峁卥h膩yana 艢rautas奴tra鈥�7.9.1) | tak峁�i峁�at | pat膩ti vidyut (峁欢惫别诲补鈥�7.25.1) | praj膩patir udadhi峁� cy膩vay膩ti
     (Taittir墨yasa峁僪it膩鈥�3.5.5.2) |鈥�

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

艢补产补谤补 on M墨m膩峁僺膩s奴tra 4.3.3

[2]:

础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨鈥�3.1.85.

[3]:

础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨鈥�3.4.7 (鈥楲i峁卆rthe let鈥�).