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[Note: This article is part of the series: 辫腻诲补辫谤补尘腻峁嘺-诲谤补惫测补-parigraha-惫颈诲丑腻苍补 (Measurement of the pillars and regulation of the acquisition of materials)]

There are eighteen types of pillar mentions in the texts Mayamata. They are generally known by names of some deities. They are鈥�

1. pratistambha, 
2. 苍颈办丑腻迟补蝉迟补尘产丑补, 
3. 箩丑补峁Ｄ乴补-stambha, 
4. 产谤补丑尘补办腻苍迟补, 
5. 惫颈峁ａ箛耻办腻苍迟补, 
6. 颈苍诲谤补办腻苍迟补, 
7. saumya, 
8. 谤耻诲谤补办腻苍迟补, 
9. madhey 补峁ａ弓腻蝉谤补, 
10. rudracchanda, 
11. 辫补诲尘腻蝉补苍补, 
12. bhadraka, 
13. 艣耻峁囜笉补辫腻诲补,&苍产蝉辫;
14. 肠颈迟谤补办丑补峁囜笉补, 
15. 艣谤颈办丑补峁囜笉补,&苍产蝉辫;
16. 艣谤颈惫补箩谤补 and
17. 办峁�e辫补峁嘺.^[1]

Pratistambha pillar is to be arranged from prati (stereobate) to uttara (architrave). This pillar is to be placed above janma (plinth, a part of base). Maya says that to build a 苍颈办丑腻迟补蝉迟补尘产丑补 a deep pit should be made and a floor (tala) is conducted over it. Therefore this pillar is to be installed. This type of pillar rises from 辫腻诲耻办补 (plinth) and grows up to the uttara (architrave).

The 箩丑补峁�a濒补-蝉迟补尘产丑补 started from the 补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补 (base) and build up to the uttara (architrave) and this pillar is six to twelve parts wider at the top than at the base. 

Maya says that:

adhi峁ａ弓h膩nottar膩nta岣�stho jha峁Ｄ乴asta峁僢ha ucyate |
tadvay膩s膩darkabh膩g膩dya峁� 峁�a岣峛h膩gon膩gravistara岣� ||

(Mayamata 15.11)

The pillar, which is square in shape and decorated with kumbha (bell capital) and 尘补峁囜笉颈, is called 叠谤补丑尘补办腻苍谤补. The eight-angled pillar is called 痴颈峁ａ箛耻办腻苍迟补.

The hexagonal pillar is called the 滨苍诲谤补办腻苍迟补. The sixteen-angled pillar is called Saumya. These angled columns are square at the base and then transition to octagonal, hexagonal, or circular shapes. This type of column is known as 笔奴谤惫腻蝉迟谤补. If the circular pillar is complete with kumbha (bell capital) and 尘补峁囜笉颈, it is called 搁耻诲谤补办腻苍迟补. In the context of traditional Indian architecture, a 尘补峁囜笉颈 refers to a decorative element often found on pillars. This design can include floral patterns, geometric shapes, and sometimes depictions of mythological scenes or figures. According to 鈥楢 dictionary of Hindu Architecture鈥� 尘补峁囜笉颈 means: 鈥榯he crowning part of the capital of a column鈥�^[2] 鈥�

If the length of the pillar is twice its width, with an octagonal middle section, square shapes at the top and bottom, and without kumbha (bell capital) and 尘补峁囜笉颈, it is called Madhey 补峁ａ弓腻蝉谤补 (octagonal in the middle). The pillar known as Rudrachhanda has a square base, an octagonal middle section, and a circular top. The pillar known as 笔补诲尘腻蝉补苍补 features a lotus design at its base, with a height of one and a half to two 诲补峁囜笉补 and twice its width. The upper part of this pillar can be decorated with any desired shape or a 尘补峁囜笉颈.

The pillar known as Bhadraka has a base with a lotus design 辫补诲尘腻蝉补苍补, two 尘补峁囜笉颈s with the shape of a 肠丑补办谤补惫腻办补 (a type of bird), and a bhadra (auspicious symbol) in the middle. In the text 碍腻尘颈办腻驳补尘补, a similar description can be found when describing the 叠丑补诲谤补办腻苍迟补 pillar. 

It is stated that:

m奴lepadm膩san膩c艣膩tha cakrav膩kairala峁卥峁泃a |
sabhadramadhyabh膩ga艣ca madhyak膩nta dvipi峁囜笉ika岣� || (莫艣腻苍补艣颈惫补-驳耻谤耻辫补诲诲丑补迟颈 31.24)

[At the base, adorned with a lotus seat and decorated with chakravaka birds. The middle part is elegant, with a middle portion decorated with double circular elements.]^[3]

A pillar with decorations of vyala (mythical creatures), elephants, lions, and other beings at its base, and an upper part designed in any desired shape, is named according to its decorations.

A pillar with the design of an elephant trunk and adorned with a kumbha (bell capital) and 尘补峁囜笉颈 is called a 艣奴峁囜笉补辫腻诲补 pillar.

When pearls are carved throughout the entire 艣奴峁囜笉补辫腻诲补 pillar, it is called a 辫颈峁囜笉颈辫腻诲补. The 肠颈迟谤补办丑补峁囜笉补 pillar has a square section at the top measuring two 诲补峁囜笉补 in height. Below this is an octagonal padma (lotus design) measuring half a 诲补峁囜笉补. Below that is a sixteen-angled padma measuring one 诲补峁囜笉补, followed by a square middle section also measuring one 诲补峁囜笉补. Below this, another sixteen-angled padma is created, and the remaining part of the pillar is square. This type of pillar is called 肠颈迟谤补办丑补峁囜笉补. If the middle section is octagonal, the pillar is called 艣谤颈办丑补峁囜笉补.

If the middle section of the aforementioned pillar has sixteen angles, it is called 艣谤颈惫补箩谤补. The front part of the 办峁�e辫补峁嘺 pillar is square in shape. A 办峁�e辫补峁嘺 pillar has three sections and is decorated with leaves and other designs. Below this, the pillar has a base divided into three or four parts. All pillars are adorned with potika (small decorative elements) and various types of designs.

Maya describes eighteen distinct types of pillars, each named after deities and possessing unique structural and decorative features. These pillars are significant in traditional architecture and offer a variety of forms and ornamentations.

Here we give brief information depending on above mentioned illustration.

Pratistambha: Built from the stereobate to the architrave, placed above the plinth.

狈颈办丑腻迟补蝉迟补尘产丑补: Installed in a deep pit, rising from the plinth to the architrave.

闯丑补峁Ｄ乴补-stambha: Extends from the base to the architrave, wider at the top.

叠谤补丑尘补办腻苍迟补: Square in shape, decorated with kumbha and 尘补峁囜笉颈.

痴颈峁ａ箛耻办腻苍迟补: Eight-angled.

滨苍诲谤补办腻苍迟补: Hexagonal.

Saumya: Sixteen-angled.

搁耻诲谤补办腻苍迟补: Circular with kumbha and 尘补峁囜笉颈.

Madhey 补峁ａ弓腻蝉谤补: Square at the top and bottom, octagonal in the middle.

Rudrachhanda: Square base, octagonal middle, circular top.

笔补诲尘腻蝉补苍补: Lotus design at the base, with a height of one and half and two 诲补峁囜笉补.

Bhadraka: Lotus base, two 尘补峁囜笉颈s shaped like a 肠丑补办谤补惫腻办补, and a bhadra in the middle.

艢奴峁囜笉补辫腻诲补: Elephant trunk design along its length, with kumbha and 尘补峁囜笉颈.

笔颈峁囜笉颈辫腻诲补: 艢奴峁囜笉补辫腻诲补 pillar with carved pearls.

颁颈迟谤补办丑补峁囜笉补: Square section at the top, octagonal and sixteen-angled padmas, with a square middle section.

艢谤颈办丑补峁囜笉补: Similar to 颁颈迟谤补办丑补峁囜笉补 but with an octagonal middle section.

艢谤颈惫补箩谤补: Similar to 艢谤颈办丑补峁囜笉补 but with a sixteen-angled middle section.

碍峁�e辫补峁嘺: Square front part, three sections, decorated with leaves and other designs, with a base divided into three or four parts.

These pillars are an integral part of traditional Indian architecture. Such pillars not only provide the ancient architectural practices but also underscore the cultural and religious significances. The detailed descriptions of these pillars reflect the advanced craftsmanship of Indian architectural traditions.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Vide. Mayamata, vol.1.p.181-185

[2]:

P. K.Acharya, A dictionary of Hindu Architecture, p-491

[3]:

Translated by the researcher