Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study)
by G. D. Jayalakshmi | 2019 | 58,344 words
This page relates ‘Analysis of Adbhuta-rasa� of the study on the Jivanandana (in English) which is a dramatic play written by Anadaraya Makhin in the 18th century. The Jivanandana praises the excellence of Advaita Vedanta, Ayurveda (medical science) and Dramatic literature as the triple agency for obtaining everlasting bliss.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Analysis of Adbhuta-rasa
(i) In the first Act as well as in the seventh Act, the playwright through the dialogues of ī, վñԲ Ś and Buddhi (only in the first Act) portrays many mythical instances bringing out the greatness of lord Ś and goddess ī. In many of these verses, the Adbhutarasa pervades the situations. While Ś’s subjugation of Yama by hitting him on the chest with his leg and saving 첹ṇḍⲹ from his clutches makes the onlooker awestruck[1], his intake of the kūṭaviṣa to save the universe is beyond the reach of human imagination.[2]
So too is the glory of goddess Durga’s victory over the cruel Mahiṣasura[3] and the team of many demons including Śܳ and śܳ.[4]
(ii) In the second Act, ṇaū, the spy while discussing with Pāṇdu, explains that the skills of the minister վñԲ Ś are beyond description (II 37/38; p.119):
evaṃvidha-vividhavicitracaritra-vismāpita-sakalalokasya svāmihitakaraṇaikatānasya tasya mantriṇa� pāre khalu vāṅmanasayośvaritādbhutāni |
(iii) In the fourth Act, when ī, Buddhi and the minister go to the royal garden for a swing-sport, the minister appropriately remarks at the exceptional beauty of the garden where all seasonal plants have blossomed at one and the same time, raising wonder in the minds of the onlookers (IV.33; pp.224-25):
Գٰī�(ܱ貹śⲹ ܻԲūٴ vilokya) deva āścaryamāścaryam | ihodyāne tādṛgpaśupatidayāsāditamahāmahimnaste sevārasaparavaśā� sarvata ime | yathāsva� puṣyanto yugapadṛtava� saṃnidadhate......... ||
(iv) In the sixth Act, the dramatist presents and Karma as witnesses to the war being stationed in the Գٲṣa of the stage; this creates wonder in the minds of the viewers.
(v) The Adbhutarasa develops well in the seventh Act with the arrival of the Lord and the Goddess on the stage. Blended with the ٳٱī-ṛtپ, the author utilizes the invocations of ī and վñԲ to highlight Adbhutarasa in each and every episode referred to in these glorious hymns.[5]
Further, the description of Ś as his presence is envisioned by ī and վñԲ Ś is imbued with Adbhuta (VII.8):
śailasthūlaśirobhirugrabhujagaprāyaśravobhūṣaṇairjānusparśibṛhatpicaṇḍacaṭulaistāladrudīrghāṅghribhi� |
prāvṛṇṇaiśatamisranīlatanubhirbhasmatripuṇṭrāṅkitai� śūlodbhāsibhujai� samāvṛtamida� bhūtairabhūdbhūtalam ||
Such grand and lofty verses, as cited above, show the great skill and dexternity with which the dramatist has brought forward the Adbhutarasa.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
[2]:
I.41:
meghākrāntadigantadarśarajanīmūrchattamomecaka� tāpadrāvitadevadānavanara� ya� ūṭa� garam |
jagdhvā jambviva bālakasribhuvanatrāṇa� tatānāṣjasā tasya drāṅmahimā na vāḍmanasayo� panthānamārohati ||
[3]:
[4]:
I.45:
śastracchinnasurārisainyapiśitāgrāsagrahaprītimatkaṅkakroṣṭari saṅgare sukhadhūmuktaprasūne sthitam |
devyā śumbhaniśumbhadānavavadhapraklinnacittastuvadrudrendrāgnikṛtāntanaiṛtajalādhīśānilaśrīdayā ||
[5]:
VII. 11/12; p.443:
kapilamunikopānalabhasmīkṛtaprapitāmahasaṅghasamuttāraṇakṛtaprayatnabhagīrathaprasāditāyā� surāpagāyā bhuvamavatarantyā garvabhaṣjana� 峾 ṛtṣjⲹⲹ ٲ� tadapi paramādbhutameva |
Also see VII.12: 13: 14:
vegākṛṣṭoḍucakrānukaraṇanipuṇaśvetaḍiṇḍīrasvaṇḍāśliṣṭormīnirmitorvīvalayavilayanāśaṅkasātaṅkadevā |
vibhraśyantyabhragaṅgā vibudhajanabhuva� sarvadurvāragarvā Ծṇṇ dhūrjaṭīyodbhaṭaghaṭitajaṭājūṭagarbhe nililye ||
śūlāgrakṣatadakṣakaṇṭharudhirai� śoṇe raṇaprāṅgaṇe kīrṇo dantagaṇaścapeṭadalitādarkasya vaktrāntarāt |
vīraśrīkarapīḍanotsavavidhāvetasya vaiśvānaraprakṣiptojjvalalājavibhramakaro nāloki lokena kim ||
krodhārūḍhabhrukuṭiralike krūrakhaḍgaprahāracchinnagrīvatridaśanikaracchannasaṅgrāmabhūmi� |
śakraśrīdadruhiṇaśaraṇālābhavidrāṇavidyādānonnidra� praṇatajanatābhadrado ī� ||