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Worship & worshipper (i) the initiator or the subject; (ii) the initiate or the object and 378 (iii) the initiation or the process and finally the result or outcome of the
undertaking.
i. Initiator or the Guru.
Guru or the initiator has been taken up first because the Vedas, the
Dharmas奴tras, the tantras believe in a strong guru- tradition or knowledge
handed down from the preceptor to the pursuer traditionally. The study will
focus on this process of knowledge flow from the Guru to the 艣isya. The
etymological meaning of the word given in different works and which is
popular is; a Guru is the one who leads the Sisya away from darkness to
light. The Y膩j泄yavalkya Samhita defines a Guru as the one who having
performed all the rites beginning with the Garbh膩dh膩na delivers instruction
in the Veda. Whereas, an 膩c膩rya is the one who teaches the Veda after
having performed only the Upanayana ceremony 144. The pupil must regard
his teacher as god, and behave accordingly 145. Further, it is stated that alms
food is hailed as a sacrificial oblation at which the teacher plays the role of a
deity 146. This highlights the emphasis given to submission towards the guru.
The place of the initiator is held high in the tantras which does not
recommend blindfolded submissive acceptance. The tantras have laid down
certain eligibility criteria with regard to the selection of a Guru such as the
necessary eligibility qualifications which that must be possessed. As such
144 YadS v.34
145 ADS ch. I.6.
146 ADS ch. 1.3.43