Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Samkhya System
by Sasikumar. B | 2017 | 35,637 words
This page relates 鈥楶sychological, Phenomenological and Ethical Concepts (Introduction)鈥� of the research on the Sankhya [Samkhya] school of Indian philosophy with special reference to the contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra. The study includes concepts such as Epistemology (validity and worth of knowledge), Ontology (theory of being or reality), Psychology (science of behavior and mind), Phenomenology (the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness) and Ethics (the removal of errors), all forming an essential part of Samkhya philosophy.
Chapter 4 - Psychological, Phenomenological and Ethical Concepts (Introduction)
As discussed earlier the contribution of 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 to 厂腻峁卥丑测补 System has been divided into five major divisions. With them the epistemological and ontological concepts have already been discussed. The Psychological, Phenomenological and Ethical concepts are the main content of the present chapter.
[1b. Evolution of 笔谤补办峁泃颈 (introduction)]
[1c. Pratyayasarga (Psychical evolution)]
[1d. Bhautikasarga (Physical evolution)]
[2b. Kle艣a or Viparyaya (afflictions)]
搁别蝉耻尘茅
The order of evolution according to 厂腻峁卥丑测补 has two stages, pratyayasarga and bhautikasarga. Buddhi, 补丑补峁僰腻谤补, and the eleven organs appear in the pratyayasarga. Buddhi is the first among the evolutes of 惭奴濒补辫谤补办峁泃颈. Aha峁僰膩ra is the evolute of mahat. Aha峁僰膩ra is of three kinds according to the predominance of the three 驳耻峁嘺蝉, sattva, rajas and tamas and they are called 惫补颈办峁泃补, taijasa and 产丑奴迟腻诲颈 respectively. The mind has the function of determinate perception. The senses of cognition apprehend objects vaguely and indefinitely. So they have only the function of indeterminate awareness. S奴k峁abh奴tas, s奴k峁ma艣ar墨ra, sth奴labh奴tas and 蝉迟丑奴濒补艣补谤墨谤补 are included in the bhautikasarga. The five subtle elements emanate from the t膩masa 补丑补峁僰腻谤补 and are called 补惫颈艣别峁蝉 or indeterminate. The basic fundamental elements are said to be in the subtle form. The five gross fundamental elements arise from the five subtle elements. The three kinds of specific objects are the subtle bodies, those born of parents and the gross elements. The gross elements are the last evolutes of 笔谤补办峁泃颈. They are called 惫颈艣别峁蝉.The forms of bhautikasarga are eight forms of celestial, five for animals, and only one for the human being.
In the Phenomenological level 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 indicates five misconceptions of the intellectual creation viz. tamas, moha, 尘补丑腻尘辞丑补, t膩mi艣ra, and 补苍诲丑补迟腻尘颈艣谤补. They are equivalent to the five afflictions of the Pata帽jala Yoga System. In every system of thought the object of ethical training is to overcome evils and errors. 厂腻峁卥丑测补 also suggests the ethical practice as the means to attain the discriminative knowledge, on the way to Apavarga. Among the four dispositions viparyaya, 补艣补办迟颈, 迟耻峁ａ弓颈 and siddhi, the first three are considered as evils and errors because they are hindrances to Apavarga. The removal of these errors implies the ethics in this system. The ideas expressed in 厂腻峁卥丑测补k膩rik膩 are more powerful and clear through 厂腻峁卥丑测补tattvakaumud墨