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Gifts, especially religious gifts form an important subject with the early legislators of India, and according to the Sanskrit law books the receipt of gifts constitutes one of the principal sources of income of a brahmin and the

760 Sanskrit treatises deatlat great length on the subject of dana 166 The Brahma purana also gives stray references about the subject of dana. It deals mainly with the dana of gold, food and cows. It is stated that the king Indradyumna gave gold, jewels, elephants and horses in dana (44.6) and it was believed that one who gives the dana of gold gets a son (124.130). Annadana is the highest tang type of dana and it is considered to be greater than bhumi dana (83.21), The dana of a cow is also considered to be better than the dana of the land (91.12, 155.12). One who gives a cow to a brahmin in the kotitirtha gets koti fruits (A.148). There are references to various sorts of gifts. the ground on which the crop has grown is the mother and one who gives the dana of such land near the river Ganga gets the desired results. One who gives such land, cow and I've herbs in dana to a Brahmin in the honour of Brahma, Visnu and Siva gets the desired objects. One who after knowing that the herbs are loved by Soma and that the Soma was the husband of herbs gives ausadhis in dana to a Brahmin gets 166 Mahamahapadhyaya Kane P.V. has extensively dealt with this subject in HDS., Vol. II. II

761 the desired objects, and gets himself established in the Brahmaloka. Those who give herbs in dana are saved by Soma and as havya, kavya, amrta and the things useful in food One who gives the dana of such food should are its parts, be saved by Soma (120.4-13). The dana of hundred cows, hundred daughters, hundred golden coins, land, food, water, sesame-cow, elephant, horse, chariots, golden horns, Jaladhenu, Ghrhadhenu and candrayana cirna was given (65.69-73). The dana of money, clothes, gold, govastra, umbrella and kansyapatra is also mentioned (67.41-43). It was believed that the dina given of sesame, cows, money and corn given n on the back of Ganga entails great rewards (83.26). It is also said that the dana given in honour of the pitrs on the bank of the river Gautami and especially at the kotitirtha entails endless merits (A.148). One who gives the light of dana always shines by the light of knowledge and as the wick of light always rises on the upper side, Similarly, one who gives the dana of light never falls in the thiyag yoni (29.40). For Dana and its rewards, see the section 'Karmans and Rewards! of this chapter.