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The next question is about the times when sraddha is to be performed. Sraddha originally meant a sacrifice performed for the fathers on Amavasya.77 The Brahma Purana also and follows the ancient tradition states that the proper time 1 L to perform sraddhas is the Amavasya of every month (220.10). Ak is sax The Brahma Purana 78 says that the afternoon is preferrable to the forenoon for the performance of sraddhas as the afternoon is liked more by the pitrs. The Brahma purana 79 sums up in one place the times for performing sraddhas: 77 Gautama-Dharma-Sutra 15.1-2. 78 (220.120), of. Ap.Dh,Su. (II.7.16.4-7) and Manu (III.276-278). 79 220.51-58, also cf. Anusasanaparva 87.18; Manu III.276; Yaj. 1.217-218, Kurma II.20.2-8, Markandeya 28.20 ff; Varaha 13.33-35.

711 Astaka days, 80 Manvantara days 81 and Anvastaka days, (on these days the sraddhas begin 82 with the family on mother's side), eclipses of the Sun and the Moon, the astrologie -gical conjunctions called Vyatipata, 83 the conjunction of Moon and Sun in one rasi (according to 'ga' on the day of the possession of new corn or nine types of com), janmanaksatra, grahapida (Parvanasraddha is performed on these days), the two ayanas (the two days on which the Sun appears to start towards the south or north i.e.solstices), the two equinoctial points or visuva days (i.e.the Sun's apparent entrance into Aries and Balance), the days on which the Sun passes into one rasi from another, third and ninth 80 Astaka means the 8th tithi in any month after the full Moon day (vide Sat.Br.VI.4.2.10). But generally the 8th tithis of the dark half of the months pausa, magha,phalguna and caitra are considered to be the astaka days, but the views differ for details vide Kane P.V.Hist. of Dh.S. Vol.IV, P.353. 81 Matsya 17.6-8, Agni P.117.61-64,209.16-18,Saura P.51.33- 36,Padma (srsti 9.132-135) mention the first tithis of the 14 Manus (Manvantaras) as follows: 9th of the bright half of Asvina, 12th of the bright half of Kartika, the third of the bright of caitra, and of Bhadrapada, the amavasya of Phalguna, the 11th of the bright half of Pausa, 10th of bright half of Asadha and the 7th of the bright half of Magha, the 8th of the dark half of Sravana, the Full Moon of Asadha, Kartika, Phalguna, Caitra and Jyestha. 82 83 The four ninth days following the astaka days are called Anvastaka tithis. It is explained in two ways: When Amavasya occurs on a Sunday and the Moon is on that day either in Sravana naksatra or in Asvini,Dhanistha, Ardra or the first quarter of Aslesa that is a conjunction called Vyatipst. cf. Vrddhamanu quoted by Apararka P.426 and Agni P.209.13 or when on the 12th of the bright half of the Moon is in Hasta naksatra, the Sun in Mesa and Jupiter and Mars in Lion, then the conjunction is called Vyatipat.

712 days of the bright halves of Vaisakha and Kartika respectively, the 13th day of Bhadrapada and Amavasya of Magha (on these days the sraddha should be performed with the preparation of milk). The Brahma Purana, further, states what rewards a man gets if he performs sraddhas on each of the days from the 84 first to the 15th of the dark half. First tithi gives money, second children, third a son, the fourth destroys enemies and the fifth gives money. The sixth makes the adorable, the seventh bestows the overlordship of ganas, the eighth the highest intelligence, the ninth a wife, the tenth fulfills desires, the eleventh gives the knowledge of vedas, the twelfth victory, the 13th gives children, animals, intelligence, independence, money, long life and prosperity. The sraddha of those pitrs who have died young and who were killed by weapons should be performed on the 14th day and the sraddha performed on the Amavasya fulfills all the desires and bestows heaven. 84 The Brahma Purana further mentions what rewards follow 220.15-21, also cf. Ap.Dh.S. II.7.16.8-22, Anusasana 87, Vayu 29, 10-19, Yaj. I. 262-263, Visnu Dh.s. 78. 36-50, Kurma II.20.17-22, Brahmanda III.10.22.

713 from performance of sraddhas on the naksatras from Arttika 85 Thus sraddha performed on Krttika yields to Bharani heaven, that on Rohini children, that on Mrgasirsa brilliance, that on Ardra eminence, that on Punarvasu wife, that on Pusya inexhaustible wealth, that on aslesa longevity, that on Magha children and strength, that on Purvafalguni good luck, that on uttarafalguni children and best position, that on Hasta proficiency in sastras, that on chitra beauty, brilliance and progeny, that on svati profit in merchandise, that on Visakha son, that on anuradha sovereignty, that on jyestha eminence, that on mula best health, that on purvasadha fame, that on uttarasadha removal of sorrow, that on sravana good world, that on Dhanistha wealth, that on Abhijit proficiency in vedas, that on Satabhisa success in medicine, that on purvabhadrapada goats, that on uttarabhadrapada cows, that on Reveti copper, that on Asvin horses and that on Bharani long life. The Brahma Purana states that the sraddha performed on the day when the Sun is in Kanyarasi fulfills all the desires, satisfies the pitrs, bestows the reward of the performance of the sacrifices Rajasuya and Asvamedha. 85 Sraddha performed 230.33-42; also cf. Visnu Dh.S. 78.8-15, raj.I.265-268; Vayu ch.82, Mark. 30.8-16; Kurma II.20.9-15; Brahmanda (upodghatapada 13.1 ff.).

714 on the days of the naksatras uttaraphalguni and Hasta bestow heaven. The city of pitrs is vacated by Yama's order when the Sun is in the Vrscika rasi but if the sraddha is not performed until that period is over, the pitrs curse men and go back to their own place (220.42-51).