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The 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 texts contain interpretations of mantras of 厂补峁僪颈迟腻蝉 with respect to 测腻驳补蝉. 驰腻驳补蝉 are important aspects of 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s. 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s and 艢谤补耻迟补蝉奴迟谤补蝉 discuss about 厂辞尘补测腻驳补. 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 is a rite performed as part of 厂辞尘补测腻驳补, which in effect is a ritualistic reception to the guest.

膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 is a pure ritual, where Soma is considered as atithi. Soma is considered as divine. That divine personage is seen as an atithi here.

1. 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈

In Soma sacrifices, Soma creeper is received as a special guest, with customs and rituals. The ritualistic reception of Soma resembles our reception of renowned guests. Here Soma is treated as a king. This sacrificial rite is called 鈥�膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈鈥�. Detailed discussion on this can be found in 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s and 艢谤补耻迟补蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

艢谤补耻迟补 rituals are classified into two types. They are 丑补惫颈谤测补箩帽补蝉 and 蝉辞尘补蝉补峁僺迟丑腻蝉. They are further classified into seven sub divisions. 础驳苍测腻诲丑别测补, agnihotra, 诲补谤艣补辫奴谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补, 腻驳谤补测补峁嘺, 肠腻迟耻谤尘腻蝉测补, nir奴岣峚pa艣ubandha, 蝉补耻迟谤腻尘补峁嚹� are 丑补惫颈谤测补箩帽补蝉.^[1] 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补, 补迟测补驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补, ukthya, 峁�oda艣i, 惫腻箩补辫别测补, 补迟颈谤腻迟谤补 and 腻辫迟辞谤测腻尘补 are 蝉辞尘补蝉补峁僺迟丑腻蝉.^[2] Soma sacrifice is again classified as 贰办腻丑补, 础丑墨苍补 and Sattra.^[3] The 补驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 is the model for all Soma sacrifices.

厂辞尘补蝉补峁僺迟丑腻 starts with the rite of ritualistic engaging priests (峁泃惫颈驳惫补谤补峁嘺).^[4] The d墨k峁�a峁嚹珁e峁ａ弓i, pr膩ya峁嚹珁e峁ａ弓i, 膩tithye峁ａ弓i etc. are other preliminary rituals. Numerous rites are performed on each day of 厂辞尘补测腻驳补. 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 is a rite which is performed in all Soma测腻驳补蝉. It is performed on the second day.

2. 厂辞尘补办谤补测补峁嘺

Ceremonious purchase of Soma in 厂辞尘补测腻驳补 is known as 厂辞尘补办谤补测补峁嘺. 厂辞尘补办谤补测补峁嘺 is performed in 鲍辫补谤补惫补诲别艣补.^[5] In this ritual, Soma stalks are placed on a bullock skin and guarded by a helper. Adhvaryu stands to the west of the Soma bundle and Kautsa^[6] to its east, facing each other. The Adhvaryu asks Kautsa

whether his Soma is pure,^[7] Kautsa replies that it is. The Adhvaryu measures it, with different fingers, with and without mantras.^[8] The Soma is then folded in a cloth and the Kautsa places it on his head. Then Adhvaryu bargains with Kautsa for the Soma.^[9] Finally Adhvaryu takes Soma from Kautsa and places it on the right thigh of the 驰补箩补尘腻苍补. At that time 驰补箩补尘腻苍补, bestows his headware (耻峁ａ箛墨峁�a) to the Soma. This is to show 驰补箩补尘腻苍腻鈥檚 respect to Soma as here Soma is treated as a King. King always deserves respect.

The Adhvaryu stands up with Soma on his head and goes to the south of 鲍辫补谤补惫补诲别艣补 where the Soma cart is placed. The Soma bundle is placed on the cart, and the 驰补箩补尘腻苍补 moves between the poles, reciting three times the mantra 鈥�蝉耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛辞尘鈥�. The party moves in the direction of the 笔谤腻肠墨苍补惫补峁兣沘, together with the 丑辞迟腻, reciting mantras. The Soma cart is pulled by two oxen and driven by the 厂耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛补 priest. This priest also recites three times: 厂耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛辞尘! The Adhvaryu, the 驰补箩补尘腻苍补 and the Brahman enter the 笔谤腻肠墨苍补惫补峁兣沘 and start 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 for King Soma.

Soma bundle is taken off the cart, placed on a couch of 耻诲耻峁僢补谤补 wood^[10] and brought to the south of the 膧丑补惫补苍墨测补.^[11] Nobody shall pass between King Soma and 膧丑补惫补苍墨测补, whoever enters (the shed), let him not enter with any instrument, staff, umbrella, turban or footwear.^[12] Madhuparka^[13] is offered to Soma. 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 for King Soma continues.

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is the diety of this 颈峁ａ弓颈.^[14] 笔耻谤辞岣嵞伵沘 on nine potsherds is offered to 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. Yajamana鈥檚 wife sits beside him during the preparation of the 辫耻谤辞岣嵞伵沘.^[15] In present day too, the lady of the house receives and treats guests politely. Women are often regarded to have more skill in extending hospitality to guests. Sacrificer鈥檚 wife carries the havis (辫耻谤辞诲腻艣补) to 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈. The 膧迟颈迟丑测补 sacrifice is concluded with the 滨岣嵞� 产丑补办峁�a峁嘺.^[16] After the homa, 辫耻谤辞诲腻艣补 gets transformed to 颈岣嵞�. Then the rite 罢腻苍奴苍补辫迟谤补^[17] is performed.

罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 refers to honouring of atithi. According to 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 the atithi should be given proper food and it should be served beside a lit lamp, which is placed before him.^[18] The Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 also proclaims the prime position of an atithi, it says that an atithi should not be turned down in the evening.^[19] Atithis arriving in the evening time are directed to be shown due respect in var峁嚹伵況ama dharma.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

补驳苍测腻诲丑别测补峁� c膩gnihotra峁� dar艣膩dar艣oditakriy膩 |
tathaiv膩graya峁噀峁ａ弓i艣ca c膩turm膩sy膩ni ca kram膩t ||
nir奴岣峢apa艣ubandha艣ca sautr膩ma峁噛api saptadh膩 || 艢谤补耻迟补karma viveka, p.13

[2]:

补驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补stath膩tyagni-峁ａ弓oma ukthya艣ca 峁�o岣峚艣墨 |
v膩japeyo'tir膩troptory膩massa峁僺thastu saptadh膩 || ibid., p.14

[3]:

Soma sacrifices are finished in one day is known as 别办腻丑补 and that spread over more than one day and extending up to twelve days is known as 补丑墨苍补, those that extend over more than twelve days are known as satras.

[4]:

Adhvaryu, 驰补箩补尘腻苍补, Brahman, Hot膩, Sadasya, Pratiprasth膩ta, 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嚹乧肠丑补峁僺颈苍, 惭补颈迟谤腻惫补谤耻峁嘺, 狈别峁ａ弓腻, 膧驳苍墨诲丑谤补, 础肠肠丑腻惫腻办补, 鲍苍苍别迟腻, 笔辞迟腻, 骋谤腻惫补蝉迟耻迟, 鲍诲驳腻迟补, 笔谤补蝉迟辞迟腻, 笔谤补迟颈丑补谤迟峁� and 厂耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛补 are the priests in 厂辞尘补蝉补峁僺迟丑腻.

[5]:

The sacrificial hall of 厂辞尘补测腻驳补 is divided into two parts. They are 辫谤腻驳惫补峁兣沘 and 辫谤腻肠墨苍补惫补峁兣沘. Citi, 丑补惫颈谤诲丑腻苍补, uparavade艣a, utkkara, agn墨dhr墨ya, m膩rj膩l墨ya, altar etc. are included in 笔谤腻驳惫补峁兣沘. 膧丑补惫补苍墨测补 in the east (square shape), 骋腻谤丑补辫补迟测补 in the west (round shape), and the 顿补办峁�i峁嘺 fire in the south are placed in 笔谤腻肠墨苍补惫补峁兣沘.

[6]:

Kautsa is the representative of the Gandharvas. In 厂辞尘补测腻驳补 Soma is bought by Kautsa. In Kerala tradition he is a 辫补谤补诲别艣颈 brahmin. vikrayyena峁� vicinoti kautsa: 艣奴dro v膩 | The person belonging either to the Kutsa-gotra or to 艣奴诲谤补 class,who has come to sell the Soma stalk, then cuts the stalk into smaller pieces weeding them out upon the skin. 碍腻迟测腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra,7.6.2

[7]:

somavikrayi帽chuddhaste soma岣� | 叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra 6.14, p.300

[8]:

pa帽cak峁泃vo yaju峁Ｄ� mim墨te pa帽c膩k峁�ar膩 pa峁卥ti岣� p膩峁卥to yaj帽o yaj帽amev膩varundhe pa帽cak峁泃vast奴峁ａ箛墨峁� da艣a sa峁� padyante da艣膩k峁�ar膩 vir膩岣� vir膩jaiv膩nn膩dyamava rundhe yadyaju峁Ｄ� mim墨te bh奴tamev膩va rundhe yatt奴峁ａ箛墨峁� bhavi峁�yat | 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻, 6.1.10

[9]:

Soma is in heaven. Devas transformed word (痴腻肠) into a small beautiful woman and gave her to Gandharvas in return for Soma. The rite of buying Soma symbolically from Gandharvas is known as 厂辞尘补办谤补测补峁嘺. In Devaloka seven Gandharvas namely 厂惫腻苍补, 叠丑谤腻箩补, A峁僩h膩ri, Ba峁僢h膩ri, Hasta, Suhasta and 碍峁浥浤乶耻 protect Soma. Soma is purchased from Kautsa, the representative of these Gandharvas, by giving him calf, dress and goat.

[10]:

audumbar墨m膩sand墨峁� n膩bhidadhn膩maratnim膩tr膩'峁単墨bh奴t膩m膩haranti catv膩ra岣� | 碍腻迟测腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra,7.9.24

[11]:

腻丑补惫补苍墨测补峁� dak峁�i峁噀na sthapayanti | ibid.,7.9.30

[12]:

m膩 r膩j膩na峁� c腻丑补惫补苍墨测补峁� c膩ntare峁嘺 ka艣cana sa峁僣膩r墨nmaina岣� s膩yudho m膩 sada峁囜笉o m膩 sacchatro m膩 so峁ａ箛墨峁�o m膩 s膩dhasp膩dyo' nuprap膩d墨diti | 叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra, 6.17, p.308

[13]:

补迟丑腻蝉尘补颈 尘补诲丑耻辫补谤办补峁� ca g膩峁� ca pr膩j帽ast膩madhvaryurvi艣asti | ibid., 6.17, p.308

[14]:

蝉辞尘补峁� 蝉补苍迟补峁� vi峁ａ箛uriti yajati,tadyadeveda峁� kr墨to vi艣at墨va tad奴hyaiv膩sya 惫补颈峁ａ箛补惫补峁� r奴pam | attaivaitena n膩mn膩 yadvi峁ａ箛uriti | 膩dyomun膩yat soma iti | 碍补耻峁Ｄ玹补办颈 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺

[15]:

辫补迟苍测补苍惫腻谤补产丑补迟别 辫补迟苍墨 hi p膩r墨峁嘺hayasye艣e patniyaiv膩numata峁� nirvapati yadvai 辫补迟苍墨 yaj帽asya karoti 尘颈迟丑耻苍补峁� tadatho patniy膩 evai峁�a yaj帽asy膩nv膩rambho'navacchityai | 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 厂补峁僪颈迟补, 6.2.1

[16]:

After the homa 辫耻谤辞诲腻艣补 is transfered to a vessel. That vessel is known as 滨岣嵞� and thus the 辫耻谤辞诲腻艣补 is known as 滨岣嵞� food. 颈岣嵞乶ta峁� bhavati | 碍腻迟测腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra,8.1.13, 颈岣嵞乶ta 膩tithya: sa峁僼i峁ａ弓hate | 叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 艢谤补耻迟补s奴tra,6.18,p.312

[17]:

After performing 膧迟颈迟丑测别峁ａ弓颈 峁泃惫颈办鈥檚 takes a vow by touching ghee which is placed in a basin by reciting the mantras '膩pataye tv膩 g峁沨峁嚹乵i'. This is done as a contract, not to indulge in any quarrel till the end of sacrifice.

[18]:

atho yath膩tithi峁� jyoti峁�k峁泃v膩 pariveve峁ａ弓i | 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, II.1.3

[19]:

tasm膩d膩hurna s膩yamatithiraparudhya iti | Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 25.5