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Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study)

by V. Dwaritha | 2013 | 71,711 words

This page relates ‘Activities of Proshitabhartrika� of the study dealing with the Ashta-Nayikas—a classification of eight kinds of “Heroines� representing the eight emotional states (avastha) employed in the classical Indian dance and performing arts (otherwise known as Natya Shastra). These Ashtanayikas reflect the eight types of romantic relationships and have hence formed the expressive subject of many classical painting, poems and dramatic plays.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Part 11 - Activities of ʰṣiٲ󲹰ṛk

Examples of the activities of the ʰṣiٲ󲹰ṛk character of woman heroine:

1 [1] —WڳܱԱ

या� पश्यन्ति प्रियं स्वप्न� धन्यास्ताः सख� योषिता� �
अस्माक� तु गत� कान्ते गत� निद्रापि वैरिणी �

yā� paśyanti priya� svapne dhanyāstā� sakhi yoṣitā� |
asmāka� tu gate kānte gatā nidrāpi vairiṇ� ||
[2]

O Friend! the ladies who see their lovers in their dreams are blessed. As for me, my sleep like an enemy has also left along with my lord.

2 ٳ徱-ǰ첹Բ[3] —Watching for Omens

Padam[4]
Language -Telugu
–Yadukula Kāmbhōji
Composer -ṣētñ
Vindu būci tirigīnē tilla gōvindu ḍindu vaccenēmō
Yindu vadana yiṇṭi mundara nenta
vintaga
The spider is dangling from here to there, may be the thillai govinda has come to our place. O fair woman what an omen it is in front of our house!
Kulukucunu kuḍigi tirigīnē
Kalakala manucu paiḍigaṇṭa palikīnē
Molanunna nerikōka ḍi yippuḍu vadalīnē
Yilalōna nī śܲԲ mevari
첹īԲ
In a playful mood the calf runs about making his bells give a sonorous sound. The knots of the waist garment get loosened. Has anyone witnessed such omens!
Jakkuna gubbalu ܱDzԲīŧ
Cakkera vaṇṭi kemmōvi sāre kadarīnē
Makkuva sandaṭi daṇḍalu māṭimāṭiki bigisīnē
Pakkana ōṇa ḷi palumāru balikīnē
The pair of breasts expand like geese. The sugary lips go on quivering. The biceps get stiffened with every movement and the lizard is always muttering.
Talacinaṭla nēḍu daivamu tōḍayyānē Kalikirō! Yidiye kṣēmakāri yayyānē
Yelami nī bhuja mipuḍidigō yadarīnē
Palumāru muvvagōpāluḍu ninugūḍīnē
As expected, God, the muvvagopala who united with you many a times, has come to your rescue. Oh dear it looks like something good is about to happen today. Even your left arm is just now pulsating.


3 Բⲹ[5] —Being unkempt

वियोगिनी धूसरवक्त्रपद्म� विमुक्तभूष� मलिनैकवस्त्र� �
कपोलदेशे निहितैकहस्ता सा वेद्या प्रस्थनवराटिकेयं �

viyoginī dhūsaravaktrapadmā vimuktabhūṣ� malinaikavastrā |
kapoladeśe nihitaikahastā sā vedyā prasthanavarāṭikeya� ||
[6]

Her husband is away, her lotus like face is dust white, she has abandoned garments and is wearing a soiled dress. She rests one hand on her cheek. Such a woman is known as "poor soul on account of departure'' (of the husband).

4 ṅg-岹[7] —Weariness of limbs

ղ� poem from ū; Akam
59[8]
վṉa
ʴDZ�Madurai Marudan Iḷanāgan
Translated by: Palaniappan Vairam Sarathy
Ta� kayattu amaṉṟa vaṇḍu paḍutuṇai malarp Perundagai iḻanda kaṇṇiṉai, peridum Varundiṉai, vāḻiyar, nīyē! ḍ� adu, Va� puṉal toḻunai vār maṇal agaṉduṟai, Aṇḍar magaḷir ta� taḻai uḍ� iyar Maram sela miditta mā al ō, Pu� talai maḍap pidi uṇ� iyar, amkuḻai, Neḍu nilai yā am oṟṟi, Բṉa 첹� ʲḍi ñimiṟu kaḍiyum kaḷiṟe ōḻi! Sūr maruṅgu aṟutta suḍar ilai neḍu vēl, Siṉam migu ܰܲ�  taṇparaṅkuṉṟattu,
Իܱ� ḍiⲹ sandu keḻu neḍu varai, I� dīm paiñcuṉai īraṇip polinda Ta� naṟu� kaḻunīrc ce� iya� siṟupuṟam Tām pārāṭṭiya kālaiyum uḷḷār Vīṅgu iṟaip paṇait tō� negi�, sēy ṭṭ Aruñ seya� poruṭpiṇi muṉṉi, nap Pirindu, sēṇuṟainarseṉṟa āṟ�.
You, who have lost the beautyof the twin flowers in the cool ponds which are adored by the bees which swarm them, have suffered a lot.Long live you. Cool Kuvalai flower in the sweet nectar like fresh mountain pool, on the high mountain with abundant sandal trees sung about by Anutuvan,called cool Parankunram, ‘the seat ofMurukan of great wrath the possessor of the long spear with a shining leaf edgethat had cut the body of cur(curan) into two�, is comparable to the natural beauty of your back with swaying tresses made into a knot. Think about the time when Thalaivan used to celebrate this beauty of yours. Leaving your arms to slim like the swollen bamboo, Thalaivan has left us to perform the great job of accumulating wealth in the distant land. In his journey to distant land, (he would see) the male elephant would bend and break the high Ya tree, for the young female elephant to eat the gentle shoots like, �Maal who trampled the tress by walking upon it, in order to allow the bathing women of the cowherd community, to dress into the cooling foliage on the wide spread sand banks, of Tolunai (Yamuna) river of the north full of water� and chase away the bees settling in cheeks drenched in lust. (Seeing this, Thalaivan would come back).


5 Cinta[9] —AԳ澱ٲ

आदृष्टिप्रसरात्प्रियस्� पदवीमुद्वीक्ष्� निर्विण्णय� विच्छिन्नेषु पथिष्वहः परिणतौ ध्वान्ते समुत्सर्पत� �
दत्वैक� सशुच� गृहं प्रत� पद� पान्थस्त्रियास्मिन्क्षणे मा भूदागत इत्यमन्दवलितग्रीवं पुनर्वीक्षितम� �

ādṛṣṭiprasarātpriyasya padavīmudvīkṣya nirviṇṇayā vicchinneṣu pathiṣvaha� pariṇatau dhvānte samutsarpati |
datvaika� saśucā gṛha� prati pada� pānthastriyāsminkṣaṇe mā bhūdāgata ityamandavalitagrīva� punarvīkṣitam ||
[10]

A friend describes the wife of a traveller to another friend.—The wife of the traveller stood on the threshold and continued to watch the foot prints of her lover as far as her eyes could go, till the day passed and it became dark on all sides and the routine of the travellers coming and going also stopped. After this she decided to return home and kept a step towards the house and suddenly again turned to see if her Lord had come meanwhile.

6 śⲹ[11] —Lean and 7 Jadata[12] ‼ܱԱ

जाड्यमप्रतिपत्ति� स्यादिष्टानिष्टागमादिभिः �
प्रिये समागते तन्वी � कि� चिद्धुबुधे क्षणम् �

jāḍyamapratipatti� syādiṣṭāniṣṭāgamādibhi� |
priye samāgate tanvī na ki� ciddhubudhe kṣaṇam ||[13]

8 Śپ[14]

[i.e., Always on the bed Common example for Ჹḍaٲ and Śپ]

屹ḷi
Բܲ�ԲԲḍa 岵m-Ranjani
ḷa -Ā徱
Composer–Smt. Dwaraki Krishnaswamy
Inspired by ṣētñ
Pallavi
Ēnalē bhāmini ō󾱲ī
Hey! intoxicating girl, I, your
favourite mirror am watching you.
Kāṇutihenēnā nelagannaḍi priya
ninna
Śūnyadi soragi suruḷi malagihe yēke
You are lying down emptily coiled and tired.
Anupallavi (پś Բḍa)
caṇa caṇa ciṭiketāḷa ciṇṇapada
곾겵ܳٲ
Maṇinūpura jhaṇa jhaṇise cimmuta
kaṇḍe anudina
Nuṇṇina galla kenduṭiya anda sampige nāsikada rannagombe nī Kāṇe kāṇenā sukhisidēnā caṇa
caṇava ramaṇ�
Every day I saw you, snapping you fingers and muttering a small song. your anklets produced lovely music while you bounced around.
You are a golden doll with beautiful chin, red lips and nose like the sampige flower. Now, I cannot see thse beautiful moments O! beautiful
girl.
䲹ṇa
Yāra dhṛśṭi tākitō ninnoṇṭi tanake dūḍihanē ava
Sarisu Ჹḍaٲnava avano� hagetanavā
Koragi koragi soragi baḷali basavaḷidu beṇḍāde ēke Bharavase iḍu madananē sākṣhi
sāgu sāgu madhura milanake
Who jinxed you, that you have been pushed to your loneliness? Leave you dullness; leave your bitterness towards him. Thinking constantly about him, you have lost your charm and feel tired, giddy and why have you left your freshness (liveliness). Have belief, cupid is your witness,
think positively towards your union.
   


9 վԳܲ屹—Afflicted by Separation

माधुर्यं मधुरैः अप� कोकिलैःकलकलै� मलयस्य � वायुभि� �
विरहिण� प्रणिहन्ति शरीरिणो विपद� हन्त सुधाऽप� विषयात� �

mādhurya� madhurai� api kokilaiḥkalakalai� malayasya ca vāyubhi� |
virahiṇa� praṇihanti śarīriṇo vipadi hanta sudhā'pi viṣayāte ||

Inspite of the sweet cooing of the koel, inspite of the fragrant breeze blowing from the East, Vasanta, the king of the seasons, makes miserable the life of lovers who, separated, pine for each other. Truly, in times of adversity, even nectar acts like poison.[15]

10 Anavasthānam Prāya[16] —Largely Unstable

श्रुत्वाऽकस्मान्निशीथे नवघनरसित� विश्लथाङ्ग� पतन्त्या शय्याय� भूमिपृष्ठे करतलधृतय� दुःखितालीजनेन �
सोत्कण्ठ� मुक्तकण्ठं कठिनकुचतटोपान्तदीर्णाश्रुबिन्दुस्मृत्वास्मृत्वाप्रियस्यस्खलितमृदुवच� रुद्यत� पान्थवध्वा �

śrutvā'kasmānniśīthe navaghanarasita� viślathāṅga� patantyā śayyāyā bhūmipṛṣṭhe karataladhṛtayā duḥkhitālījanena |
sotkaṇṭha� muktakaṇṭha� kaṭhinakucataṭopāntadīrṇāśrubindusmṛtvāsmṛtvāpriyasyaskhalitamṛduvaco rudyate pānthavadhvā ||
[17]

In the middle of the night, when the wife of the traveller heard a loud thunder, she got scared and fell on the floor. But her saddened friends managed her by their hands. After this she was overwhelmed by sorrow, remembering her hero, in her sweet voice, she started crying so much that the tear drops that fell on her chest scattered here and there.

11 Wanting to die

गच्छ गच्छसि चेत्कान्तः पन्थान� सन्त� ते शिवा� �
ममाप� जन्म तत्रैव भूयाद्यत्र समागमः �

gaccha gacchasi cetkānta� panthāna� santu te śivā� |
mamāpi janma tatraiva bhūyādyatra samāgama� ||[18]

Go, if you (really) are going, my lord, let your path of journey be propitious and I may also be born there where we may unite.

प्रस्थनं वलयै� कृतं प्रियसखैरस्रैरजस्र� गत� धृत्� � क्षणमासितं व्यवसितं चित्ते� गन्तुं पुरः �
यातु� निश्चितचेतसि प्रियतमे सर्व� सम� प्रस्थित� गन्तव्येसत� जीवि�! प्रियसुहृत्सार्थ� किमु त्यज्यते �

prasthana� valayai� kṛta� priyasakhairasrairajasra� gata� dhṛtya na kṣaṇamāsita� vyavasita� cittena gantu� pura� |
yātu� niścitacetasi priyatame sarve sama� prasthitā gantavyesati jīvita! priyasuhṛtsārtha� kimu tyajyate ||[19]

The in viraha is saying thus–As soon as my lord said he is leaving to go abroad, immediately all his friends started to leave. The bangles of the hand went away (indicating that she had become thin), torrents of tears started falling, courage could not wait even for a second, even my mind started going forward. But O life! if you also wanted to join your friends, then, why are you not leaving?

[12 鲹ñᲹī states that the ٲś Avastaha are her activities:] [???]

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141; ᱹī峾ṇi, V. lxxxix.

[2]:

峾ū, cdxxxv. 147; Rasakalpadruma, 64.

[3]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141.

[4]:

Muvvagopala Padavali, 305.

[5]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141; ᱹī峾ṇi, V. lxxxix.

[6]:

峾ū, cdxlviii. 150.

[7]:

屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141.

[8]:

Palaniappan Vairam Sarathy, “Seperation of Lovers�Krishna Stealing Clothes of Gopikas–Murgan in Thiruparankundram–Akam 59,� Karka..Nirka, July 25, 2009, http://karkanirka.org/2009/07/25/akam59/.

[9]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141.

[10]:

śٲ첹, lxxvi. 101.

[11]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141.

[12]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141; ᱹī峾ṇi, V. lxxxix.

[13]:

屹ⲹ ٲ貹ṇa, IV. clviii. 196.

[14]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; 屹śԲ, IV. clxv. 141.

[15]:

Śṛṅśٲ첹, xxxiv. 45.

[16]:

鲹ṇaܻ첹, I. cxxiv. 31; ᱹī峾ṇi, V. lxxxix.

[17]:

śٲ첹, cxxix. 145.

[18]:

峾ū, cccxlviii. 123.

[19]:

śٲ첹, xxxv. 57.

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