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Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study)

by V. Dwaritha | 2013 | 71,711 words

This page relates ‘Definition and examples of Pravatsyatpatika� of the study dealing with the Ashta-Nayikas—a classification of eight kinds of “Heroines� representing the eight emotional states (avastha) employed in the classical Indian dance and performing arts (otherwise known as Natya Shastra). These Ashtanayikas reflect the eight types of romantic relationships and have hence formed the expressive subject of many classical painting, poems and dramatic plays.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Part 7 - Definition and examples of ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

Definition and Examples of the ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ character of woman heroine: 

ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ is the one similar to 鲹ñᲹī’s ʰṣyٱ貹پ. Here too ŚṛṅñᲹī criticizes the 鲹ñᲹī definition of a ʰṣyٱ貹پ. It says that the use of the word ṣaṇe (next moment) does not include a lady whose husband will leave tomorrow or day after tomorrow. 

So he comes up with his definition as:

प्रियप्रवा� यत्नोद्यमं ज्ञात्वा वेदनावती प्रवत्स्यत्पतिका

priyapravāsa yatnodyama� jñātvā vedanāvatī pravatsyatpatikā [1]

The heroine, who is in sorrow due to the knowledge of her hero’s travel shortly, is called a ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ.

1 Example of ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

तूष्णीमुदेष्यत्प्रियविप्रलम्भग्रीष्मार्कवार्ताश्रवणारुणेन �
हृतास्यशीतांशुरुचिर्वराकी म्लायत्यसावश्रुजलाकुलाक्षी �

tūṣṇīmudeṣyatpriyavipralambhagrīṣmārkavārtāśravaṇāruṇena |
hṛtāsyaśītāṃśurucirvarākī mlāyatyasāvaśrujalākulākṣ� ||
[2]

A song from Ramanataka keertanai seems to be an apt example here: Here Seetha asks Rama who is about to leave for the forest without her as to how could he think of leaving her, will the earth keep quiet about this?

īٲԲ
LanguageTamil
ŧṉi
ḷa
dzDz�Arunachaa Kavirayar
Pallavi[3]
Eppaḍimaṉam tuṇintatōsāmi
ṉaōⱹܰ쾱ṟĸ
eṉṟāl idai ēṟkumōbūmi
How did you dare to say that I am going to the forest, will the earth accept this?
ṉu貹
eppiṟappilumpiriyaviḍēṉ eṉṟukaitoṭṭīrē ēḻai āṉasītaiyaina� ṭāṟṟilēviṭṭīrē (ep)
You vowed not to separate from me in any birth, but you left the poor Seetha (me) in the mid stream.
Caraṇaṅga� -1
karumbumuṟittāppōlēsollal āccudō -oru
ܳ辱ŧṉeṉṟ

soṉṉasollumpōccudō varundivarundit tēvarīr vella
vārttaiyāṟkollāma� kolla irumbumaṉa tuṇḍāccu dallō
eṉṉaiviṭṭup pōkiṟēṉeṉṟu solla (ep)
Is it easy like the sugarcane
breaking, breaking the promise that you gave that you will not separate any time?
You won against the celestial lords, but you almost managed to kill me with words, how did your mind become like iron to tell me that you are separating from me?
2
aṉṉaikoṇḍavaram eṉṉai eṉṉaittaḷḷavō -
ī
aḻagukkōvil eḍuttadunilam ūṉṟikkoḷḷavō
kuṉṉamō umakkeṉṉait tāram
koḍuttavaṉmēl allō nēram
eṉṉaiyiṭṭukkoṇḍu pōvadō bāram idunuvō āṇpiḷḷaikku vīram (ep)
Was mother’s boon to punish me? Was your birth to establish your rights? Is it the bad luck of the person who gave me in marriage? Is it a burden to take me along? Is it the bravery of a man (to leave his wife)?
3 nāḍiīpōyirukkum vaṉattiṉpēr collavēṇum attai
nāṉniṉaittuk koṇḍi ṟantālaṅkēpiṟakkal āmkāṇum
kūḍi nām ugandirukkum
kuṟaivillā maṉmitilai ḵī illāta īḵ
kālvaiyum teriyum e� (ep
)
You tell me the name of the forest you are going to. If I keep thinking about it I will get my rebirth.The forest where we are together is equal to the Mithilai without any drawback. When you keep your foot, you will know my state.


2 Example of Svīyā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

अय� सुभग विदेशं गन्तुकामस्� वार्ता यद्वधि तव पत्न्याः कर्णदेशं प्रयात� �
तदवध� परितप्ता मुञ्चती बाष्पबिन्दून� शयनमधिशयान� वर्तते पङ्कजाक्षी �

ayi subhaga videśa� gantukāmasya vārtā yadvadhi tava patnyā� karṇadeśa� prayāta� |
tadavadhi paritaptā muñcatī bāṣpabindūn śayanamadhiśayānā vartate paṅkajākṣ� ||
[4]

As the news of your departure reached the ears of you wife, immediately filled with agony, she shed tears lying on the bed.

3 Example of Mugdhā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

पत्युः सङ्गस्� समयो यदास्यां समुपागतः �
पतिरस्यास्तद� हन्त विदेशं गन्तुमुद्युत� �

patyu� saṅgasya samayo yadāsyā� samupāgata� |
patirasyāstadā hanta videśa� gantumudyuta� ||
[5]

As the time for union arrived, the husband started to leave for abroad.

4 Example of Madhyā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

पत्य� विदेशगमन प्रत� याचमान� कान्तानिदेशमबलोद्गतनेत्रनीरा �
नम्रानना हृदयदत्तदृगम्बुजाक्षी प्राणान् प्रिये� गमनं सह पृच्छती� �

patyau videśagamana prati yācamāne kāntānideśamabalodgatanetraīā |
namrānanā hṛdayadattadṛgambujākṣ� prāṇān priyeṇa gamana� saha pṛcchatīva ||
[6]

The hapless woman, on hearing about the departure of her lord bowed her head as though asking her life to go along with him.

5 Example of Pragalbhā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

आलिङ्गतीन्दुवदना� रमणे विदेशं गन्तुं प्रिया प्रियगलं मृदुदोर्लताभ्याम� �
आलम्बत� स्� नन� सा प्रियविप्रयोगदुःखाम्बुधौ किमु निमज्जानमेत्� सद्य� �

āliṅgatīnduvadanā� ramaṇe videśa� gantu� priyā priyagala� mṛdudorlatābhyām |
ālambate sma nanu sā priyaviprayogaduḥkhāmbudhau kimu nimajjānametya sadya� ||
[7]

Knowing his impending departure, the immerses herself into embracing him.

6 Example of Parakīyā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

कियद्दूर� पूर्णिमेति कान्ते कं चन पृच्छत� �
अवोचत्सुमुखी सद्य� पूर्णिमाद्यै� कि� सख� �

kiyaddūre pūrṇimeti kānte ka� cana pṛcchati |
avocatsumukhī sadya� pūrṇimādyaiva ki� sakhi ||
[8]

7 Example of Sāmānyā ʰٲⲹٱ貹پ

सुवर्णपत्राण� बहून� कान्ते द्राक् प्रेषयिष्याम� मनोहराणि �
यै� कर्णपूरै� स्वसखीर्मृगाक्षि सन्तोषयिष्यस्यमलेन्दुवक्त्रे �

suvarṇapatrāṇi bahūni kānte drāk preṣayiṣyāmi manoharāṇi |
yai� karṇapūrai� svasakhīrmṛgākṣi santoṣayiṣyasyamalenduvaktre ||[9]

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

Ibid., 34.

[2]:

Ibid., clxxvi. 34.

[3]:

Arunachala Kaviraayar, Ramanataka Keerthanai (Chennai, India: Mullai Nilayam, 2006), 82�83.

[4]:

ŚṛṅñᲹī, clxxvii. 34.

[5]:

Ibid., clxxviii. 34.

[6]:

Ibid., clxxix. 34.

[7]:

Ibid., clxxx. 34.

[8]:

Ibid., clxxxi. 34.

[9]:

Ibid., clxxxii. 34.

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