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House-architecture really has four distinct branches according to ancient Indian tradition. Houses principally may be classified firstly into residential houses for middle class people鈥攙ide the folk-planning in which houses in ancient India in a village or town were planned according to the castes and professions; secondly into those gorgeous mansions suited to the nobles and princes鈥攖he palaces, the Harmyas and the 搁腻箩补-辫谤腻蝉腻诲补蝉; thirdly into what are called abodes of gods, the temples, the Pr膩s膩das and 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉 and fourthly into the public buildings which are planned and constructed for the common use, like the Vi艣r膩ma艣腻濒腻蝉, the libraries, the theatres, the picture gallaries etc, The common public pools, ponds, tanks, 痴腻辫墨蝉 and wells, etc., will also fall in this last category.

Now as the genius of architecture in relation to these four classes of buildings has been distinct in nature and definite in its contributions especially in case of the secular architecture, the aristocratic architecture and the devotional architecture, the Janabhavanas, the 搁腻箩补-bhavanas and the Deva-bhavanas, it is, therefore, necessary to treat these three classes of buildings separately. Accordingly these three parts are devoted to the exposition of this genius of the Hindu architect. Public buildings being the concern of the state will be included in the part devoted to palace-architecture.

It has been wrongly surmized and commented upon that India did not evolve secular planning or the civil architecture. A study of the 厂补尘补谤腻峁単补峁嘺-厂奴迟谤补诲丑腻谤补; a medieval treatise on the science and art of architecture is a definite repudiation of this misconceived opinion. This text though written by a king in the atmosphere of palace-court is really the landmark in the civic-planning in India and harbinger of the residential houses most suited to the middle class people what are designated as 艢腻濒补-bhavanas? The story of the 艣腻濒腻蝉 is fascinating indeed and their antiquity goes to the so-called primitive age when man evolved the first house on earth.

Accordingly this part is devoted to the exposition of the 艢腻濒补-bhavanas, the residential houses suited to the bulk of the population or the middle class people. It is, therefore, required to briefly indicate the treatment of this part. In the first place it may be remarked that any building operation whether secular or religious was preceeded by some important preliminaries like the examination and selection of the site, its plotting, etc. what is called V膩stupada-viny膩sa, the determining of the sites, the 痴腻蝉迟耻-辫奴箩补苍补, the foundation ceremony the formal digging, the Balid膩na, Halakar峁�a峁嘺, A峁卥ur膩ropa峁嚹乨i and the placing the 碍墨濒补办补蝉 and the S奴trap膩ta-vidhi etc,, along with the festive celebration to honour the architect-mason and the labourers etc., etc., though may be deemed as non-architectural matters in these days, are really having the fullest of architectural import as the human destinies are always guided by the superhuman agencies and naturally this truth was never lost sight of by architects of old. All these matters will find some treatment in the first chapter of this part entitle 鈥楶reliminaries鈥�. The second chapter will deal with buildings in general, their different categories etc., and from the 3rd chapter the proper subject matter of this part namely the 艢腻濒腻-buildings will be taken up which may again be viewed as the exposition of the four principal topics namely the origin and development of the houses of manifold varieties and the general characteristics of the residential houses for the common people the 艣腻濒补蝉鈥攎eaning classification and G峁沨asa峁儁ojana etc. (Chap. III and IV); the planning of the houses along with the house-plans and building bye-laws and its construction鈥攖he material and masonry etc., (Chap. V, and VI); the principal architectural components like the door, the pillar, the roof and so many other accessories like Alindas, Bhadras, 惭奴峁�a蝉, etc., et.c., (Chap. VII, VIII), the decorations and the equipment, the bhavana-产丑奴峁Ｄ� and bhavana-sajj膩. (IX) and lastly the deflects of the houses, the bhvana-诲辞峁�a蝉 (X).

This is the broad indication of the subject-matter to be attempted on this part; in the end however we may conclude with a purposeful motive namely how far these 艢腻濒补s can be accomodated in our National-house-planning in India today and how far the ancient Indian contributions in the realm of this most vital field of our life can be appreciated by us even now.