Merkitys: Egoismi
Egoismi on buddhalaisuudessa, jainalaisuudessa, puranassa, jooga-opetuksessa ja vedantassa määritelty liialliseksi itsensä korostamiseksi, joka estää hengellisen kehityksen. Se viittaa itsekeskeiseen ajattelutapaan, joka estää yksilöitä ymmärtämästä syvempää yhteyttä suurempaan todellisuuteen. Egoismi luo harhaisia käsityksiä itsestä ja maailmasta, saaden aikaan kärsimystä ja eristyneisyyttä. Sen ylittämistä korostetaan erilaisissa filosofisissa ja hengellisissä perinteissä, koska se on keskeinen este todellisen valaistumisen saavuttamiselle.
Englanniksi: Egoism
Huomaa: Alla olevat esimerkit ovat vain suuntaa antavia, eivätkä ne edusta suoraa käännöstä tai lainausta. Sinun vastuullasi on tarkistaa tosiasiat totuuden varalta.
Buddhalainen käsite 'Egoismi'
Egoismi, in Buddhism, is the excessive self-centeredness that hinders spiritual growth and virtuous conduct. It’s a significant obstacle to enlightenment [1].
Theravada Buddhism identifies it as Sakkaya Ditthi. This is a misconception of self, causing suffering, a central tenet of the Buddhist path [2].
Hindu käsite 'Egoismi'
Egoismi, or egoism, in the context of Hinduism, is often depicted as a significant obstacle on the path to spiritual realization. It is a multifaceted concept, frequently discussed across various schools of thought including Purana, Yoga, Vedanta, Shaktism and Dharmashastra. In the Puranas, egoism is described as a state of self-importance that leads to attachment and delusion [3]. This self-centered perspective, arising from Mahat, is linked to the individual sense of self [4]. It creates a sense of separation from the greater whole, hindering spiritual growth [5]. This perspective is seen as the root of worldly life, binding individuals to attachments and ignorance [933_228740 933_118282].
The ego, often referred to as "I," is presented as a barrier to recognizing unity with the divine [6]. It can distort the understanding of reality [7] and is associated with the self-centered perspective that constricts one's understanding and connection to the greater reality [8]. The ego can manifest as pride or self-importance, often tied to the mind [9]. It also leads to attachment and suffering [10]. The focus on the self as the primary existence can lead to a disregard for the broader universe [11]. The consciousness of "I am" is also a form of egoism [12].
In Yoga, egoism (asmita) is viewed as an inflated sense of self or identification with one's ego . It is an affliction arising from nescience, reinforcing individual identity and separation [13]. It is also described as the mistaken belief that one is both the enjoyer and the intelligent [14].
Vedanta sees egoism as an attachment to personal identity, an obstacle to higher truth [15]. It is a modification of Buddhi, emphasizing self-identity and individualism [16]. This strong sense of self can be difficult to overcome [17]. Egoism can also be seen as unreal [18].
In Shaktism, egoism is the self-centered attachment to the self [19]. In Dharmashastra, it is the sense of self-importance and ownership that must be abandoned to achieve true neutrality [20]. The overall consensus is that egoism is a fundamental aspect of the mind, and its transcendence is crucial for spiritual progress. It is a force that separates individuals from the universal spirit and obscures the path to enlightenment [933_118575 933_228735].
Jainisti käsite 'Egoismi'
Egoismi in Jainism focuses on the self-centered nature a monk must overcome for liberation from the cycle of rebirth [21].
This involves detaching from ego to reach enlightenment.
Egoismi käsite paikallisissa ja alueellisissa lähteissä
Egoismi, eli itsekkyys, on tunnistettu hindulaisuudessa esteenä henkiselle kasvulle, erityisesti Bhagavad Gitassa [22].
Niloba ei kuitenkaan omassa elämässään tähän itsekkyyteen juuri tarttunut. Tämä itsekkyys on itsensä ja omien etujen asettamista muiden edelle [23].
Lähteet ja viitteet lisälukemista varten
Yllä oleva luettelo perustuu useisiin (englanninkielisiin) artikkeleihin buddhalaisuudesta, hindulaisuudesta, jainismista, historiasta ja muista henkisistä perinteistä. Käytetyt lähteet ja lisätietoja siitä, mitä “Egoismi� symboloi, löytyy alta:
-) The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha) door Samuel Beal: ^(1)
-) The Doctrine of Paticcasamuppada door U Than Daing: ^(2)
-) Mahabharata (English) door Kisari Mohan Ganguli: ^(3), ^(4)
-) Devi Bhagavata Purana door Swami Vijñanananda: ^(5)
-) Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 door Vihari-Lala Mitra: ^(6), ^(7), ^(8), ^(9), ^(10), ^(11), ^(12)
-) Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra) door Rama Prasada: ^(13)
-) Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja’s Rajamartanda) door Rajendralala Mitra: ^(14)
-) Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya) door Swami Nikhilananda: ^(15)
-) Vivekachudamani door Shankara: ^(16), ^(17), ^(18)
-) Shakti and Shakta door John Woodroffe: ^(19)
-) Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi door Ganganatha Jha: ^(20)
-) Uttaradhyayana Sutra door Hermann Jacobi: ^(21)
-) Triveni Journal: ^(22)
-) Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints door Justin E. Abbott: ^(23)